{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120254830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","title":"Exploiting Beam Features for Spoofing Attack Detection in mmWave 60-GHz IEEE 802.11ad Networks","display_name":"Exploiting Beam Features for Spoofing Attack Detection in mmWave 60-GHz IEEE 802.11ad Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120254830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","mag":"3120254830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603261","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-7952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087996220","display_name":"Long Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383507","display_name":"Pu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Engineering Department, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Cyber Engineering Department, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Engineering Department, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Engineering Department, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371204","display_name":"Weiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-3997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078480632","display_name":"Kai Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100603261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91082392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"3321","last_page":"3335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8729304075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8382495641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5942937731742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5841857194900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5396348237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46420177817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4357556700706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32183578610420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27647170424461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11905613541603088}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8729304075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8382495641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5942937731742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5841857194900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5396348237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46420177817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4357556700706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32183578610420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27647170424461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11905613541603088}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2021.3049160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003714332","https://openalex.org/W2053745611","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2082823623","https://openalex.org/W2089324828","https://openalex.org/W2100871495","https://openalex.org/W2108139215","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2122992911","https://openalex.org/W2154170045","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2249590530","https://openalex.org/W2344173564","https://openalex.org/W2509065397","https://openalex.org/W2592430333","https://openalex.org/W2605292858","https://openalex.org/W2606332932","https://openalex.org/W2749008552","https://openalex.org/W2762110084","https://openalex.org/W2767057835","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2796047239","https://openalex.org/W2809598685","https://openalex.org/W2884951793","https://openalex.org/W2886294422","https://openalex.org/W2917156996","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2963910109","https://openalex.org/W2980594903","https://openalex.org/W3047322466","https://openalex.org/W3098357269","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W3105926539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385483253","https://openalex.org/W4250238312","https://openalex.org/W2937384242","https://openalex.org/W2949605195","https://openalex.org/W4385638864","https://openalex.org/W4211073790","https://openalex.org/W4384807843","https://openalex.org/W3112673037","https://openalex.org/W4302779852","https://openalex.org/W2971768156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoofing":[0],"attacks":[1,15],"pose":[2],"a":[3,17,68,162,180,187,190,202,239],"serious":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,12,59,120,217,254],"wireless":[7],"communications.":[8],"Exploiting":[9],"physical-layer":[10,22],"features":[11],"counter":[13],"spoofing":[14,23,139],"is":[16,53,96,105,129,159,215],"promising":[18],"solution.":[19],"Although":[20],"various":[21],"attack":[24,140],"detection":[25,124,157,275],"(PL-SAD)":[26],"techniques":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"proposed":[30,260,270],"for":[31,43],"conventional":[32],"802.11":[33],"networks":[34,45,197],"in":[35,46,63,73,86,205,238],"the":[36,39,78,84,87,100,127,132,153,156,169,207,223,227,232,235,256,259,266,269,274],"sub-6GHz":[37],"band,":[38],"study":[40],"of":[41,186,234,258,268],"PL-SAD":[42,62,261,271],"802.11ad":[44,75,248],"5G":[47,64],"millimeter":[48],"wave":[49],"(mmWave)":[50],"60GHz":[51],"band":[52],"largely":[54],"open.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"achieve":[60,121,138,218],"efficient":[61,123],"networks,":[65,76],"we":[66,142,178],"propose":[67,179],"unique":[69],"physical":[70],"layer":[71],"feature":[72],"IEEE":[74],"i.e.,":[77],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[79],"(SNR)":[80],"trace":[81,95],"obtained":[82],"at":[83],"receiver":[85],"sector":[88],"level":[89],"sweep":[90],"(SLS)":[91],"process.":[92],"The":[93],"SNR":[94],"readily":[97],"extractable":[98],"from":[99,212],"off-the-shelf":[101,247],"device,":[102],"and":[103,111,173,194,252,273],"it":[104,116],"dependent":[106],"on":[107,147],"both":[108],"transmitter":[109,134],"location":[110],"intrinsic":[112],"hardware":[113],"impairment.":[114],"Therefore,":[115],"can":[117,221,277],"be":[118],"used":[119,216],"an":[122],"no":[125],"matter":[126],"attacker":[128],"co-located":[130],"with":[131],"legitimate":[133],"or":[135],"not.":[136],"To":[137,167],"detection,":[141],"provide":[143],"two":[144],"methods":[145],"based":[146],"different":[148,285],"machine":[149,163],"learning":[150,164,172],"models.":[151],"For":[152],"first":[154],"method,":[155],"problem":[158,225],"formulated":[160],"as":[161],"classification":[165],"problem.":[166],"tackle":[168,222],"small":[170,281],"sample":[171,210,282],"fast":[174],"model":[175],"construction":[176],"challenges,":[177],"novel":[181],"neural":[182],"network":[183],"framework":[184],"consisting":[185],"backpropation":[188],"network,":[189,193,204],"forward":[191],"propagation":[192],"generative":[195],"adversarial":[196],"(GANs).":[198],"Another":[199],"method":[200],"involves":[201],"Siamese":[203],"which":[206],"similarity":[208],"between":[209],"pairs":[211],"one":[213],"device":[214,237],"PL-SAD.":[219],"It":[220],"training":[224],"that":[226],"historical":[228],"data":[229],"cannot":[230],"support":[231],"identification":[233],"same":[236],"new":[240],"communication":[241],"session.":[242],"We":[243],"conduct":[244],"experiments":[245],"using":[246,280],"devices,":[249],"Talon":[250],"AD7200s":[251],"MG360,":[253],"evaluate":[255],"performance":[257],"schemes.":[262],"Experimental":[263],"results":[264],"confirm":[265],"effectiveness":[267],"schemes,":[272],"accuracy":[276],"reach":[278],"99%":[279],"sizes":[283],"under":[284],"scenarios.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
