{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120305621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","title":"Measurement-Based Channel Characterization for 5G Downlink Based on Passive Sounding in Sub-6 GHz 5G Commercial Networks","display_name":"Measurement-Based Channel Characterization for 5G Downlink Based on Passive Sounding in Sub-6 GHz 5G Commercial Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120305621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","mag":"3120305621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063866118","display_name":"Tianqi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-8923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-8923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051230002","display_name":"Xuefeng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-8994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038774049","display_name":"Linjian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","[Huawei Technologies, Company Ltd., Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Huawei Technologies, Company Ltd., Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084672760","display_name":"Jie Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","[Huawei Technologies, Company Ltd., Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Huawei Technologies, Company Ltd., Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063866118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.904755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"3225","last_page":"3239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-sounding","display_name":"Channel sounding","score":0.7055599689483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6934255361557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6875322461128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.47000652551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.451445072889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4455797076225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3812359869480133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35781753063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3441334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.19921427965164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16825777292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09153962135314941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25051821","display_name":"Channel sounding","level":4,"score":0.7055599689483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6934255361557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6875322461128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.47000652551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.451445072889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4455797076225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3812359869480133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35781753063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3441334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.19921427965164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16825777292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09153962135314941}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3048358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2168547913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1653024839","https://openalex.org/W1900918285","https://openalex.org/W1922250139","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2063635549","https://openalex.org/W2072079297","https://openalex.org/W2096930021","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2120201680","https://openalex.org/W2135647798","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2152856936","https://openalex.org/W2171695182","https://openalex.org/W2192171512","https://openalex.org/W2344488132","https://openalex.org/W2416239071","https://openalex.org/W2622272405","https://openalex.org/W2791547969","https://openalex.org/W2894433541","https://openalex.org/W2896969350","https://openalex.org/W2900911136","https://openalex.org/W2905002613","https://openalex.org/W2907824323","https://openalex.org/W2924419148","https://openalex.org/W2953940909","https://openalex.org/W2965746792","https://openalex.org/W2965902002","https://openalex.org/W2968709666","https://openalex.org/W2969819188","https://openalex.org/W2975150372","https://openalex.org/W3010654262","https://openalex.org/W3011384132","https://openalex.org/W6674702445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289848901","https://openalex.org/W2001172292","https://openalex.org/W1849802015","https://openalex.org/W2169567031","https://openalex.org/W4239222529","https://openalex.org/W2354873283","https://openalex.org/W2120578304","https://openalex.org/W2968019094","https://openalex.org/W2102784589","https://openalex.org/W2382403231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,43,58,92,98,116,145,148,172],"impetus":[2],"of":[3,45,100,147],"global":[4],"communications":[5,9],"organizations,":[6],"5G":[7,37,62,173],"mobile":[8],"becomes":[10],"a":[11,50,88,106],"hot":[12],"technology":[13],"and":[14,70,134,140,168],"moves":[15],"towards":[16],"commercial":[17,38,174],"use.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,56,95,104,143],"propose":[23],"an":[24],"efficient":[25],"downlink":[26,63],"channel":[27,71,122,132,153],"characterization":[28],"scheme":[29,150],"based":[30],"on":[31],"passive":[32,46,117,157],"sounding":[33,47,118,158],"in":[34,91,159,165],"sub-6":[35],"GHz":[36],"network.":[39],"We":[40],"first":[41],"introduce":[42],"framework":[44],"system":[48,119],"containing":[49],"space-time-division":[51],"multiplexing":[52],"(STDM)":[53],"sounder.":[54],"Then":[55],"elaborate":[57],"extraction":[59],"procedure":[60],"for":[61,120],"signals":[64],"including":[65],"synchronization":[66],"signal":[67,75,101],"block":[68],"(SSB)":[69],"state":[72],"information":[73],"reference":[74],"(CSI-RS)":[76],"according":[77],"to":[78],"New":[79],"Radio":[80],"(NR)":[81],"technical":[82],"specifications":[83],"proposed":[84,149],"by":[85,130,177],"3GPP.":[86],"Through":[87],"pilot":[89],"test":[90],"anechoic":[93],"chamber,":[94],"also":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"practice":[99],"extraction.":[102],"Besides,":[103],"derive":[105],"dual-polarimetric":[107],"space-alternating":[108],"generalized":[109],"expectation-maximization":[110],"(SAGE)":[111],"algorithm":[112],"which":[113],"matches":[114],"with":[115,171],"multi-dimensional":[121],"parameter":[123],"estimation.":[124],"The":[125],"estimator":[126],"performance":[127],"is":[128],"analyzed":[129],"synthetic":[131],"simulation,":[133],"results":[135],"reveal":[136],"its":[137],"high":[138],"accuracy":[139],"robustness.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"verify":[144],"feasibility":[146],"through":[151],"analyzing":[152],"characteristics":[154],"derived":[155],"from":[156],"stationary":[160],"field":[161],"measurements":[162],"respectively":[163],"conducted":[164],"industrial":[166],"park":[167],"parking":[169],"lot":[170],"network":[175],"built":[176],"China":[178],"Unicom":[179],"Communications":[180],"Corporation":[181],"(CUCC).":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
