{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098028282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","title":"The Construction of Nonlinear Block Codes for the Enhanced WWVB Broadcast","display_name":"The Construction of Nonlinear Block Codes for the Enhanced WWVB Broadcast","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098028282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","mag":"3098028282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760231","display_name":"Yingsi Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-9233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingsi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101461097","display_name":"Dinesh Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044359782","display_name":"Oren Eliezer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093483","display_name":"Everspin Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn06s81","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oren E. Eliezer","raw_affiliation_strings":["EverSet Technologies, Dallas, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EverSet Technologies, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100760231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10994524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"1714","last_page":"1726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.7932342290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.581336498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain-code","display_name":"Fountain code","score":0.5592625141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.5464758276939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5359722971916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5335142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.507225513458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4928431510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-code","display_name":"Linear code","score":0.44632360339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.37412458658218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3463039994239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34238171577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.2886970043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2609349489212036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.7932342290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.581336498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76132124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474786","display_name":"Fountain code","level":5,"score":0.5592625141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.5464758276939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5359722971916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5335142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.507225513458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4928431510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2400350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752667","display_name":"Linear code","level":4,"score":0.44632360339164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.37412458658218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3463039994239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34238171577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.2886970043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2609349489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3035644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2103000384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SB1341-11-CN-0095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337576","funder_display_name":"Physical Measurement Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337576","display_name":"Physical Measurement Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/016s8vs02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506809288","https://openalex.org/W1578925557","https://openalex.org/W1985458810","https://openalex.org/W2009520274","https://openalex.org/W2024581946","https://openalex.org/W2060284641","https://openalex.org/W2064011571","https://openalex.org/W2088208366","https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2165712250","https://openalex.org/W2171523055","https://openalex.org/W2262889796","https://openalex.org/W2276410476","https://openalex.org/W2593523116","https://openalex.org/W2786741601","https://openalex.org/W3035292973","https://openalex.org/W3136820369","https://openalex.org/W3190595840","https://openalex.org/W3197361149","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6694696160","https://openalex.org/W6779885765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W135568846","https://openalex.org/W2460434904","https://openalex.org/W1789159349","https://openalex.org/W832867880","https://openalex.org/W2147254059","https://openalex.org/W2151857680","https://openalex.org/W4386066307","https://openalex.org/W917159298","https://openalex.org/W1975697476","https://openalex.org/W2113911300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonlinear":[0],"channel":[1],"codes":[2,39,119,140,147],"are":[3,11,51],"employed":[4],"to":[5,13,82,138],"protect":[6],"two":[7,48,114],"information":[8],"fields":[9],"that":[10,170,191],"related":[12],"the":[14,24,35,55,83,96,101,107,116,128,142,145,156,161,171,178,193],"daylight":[15],"saving":[16],"time":[17],"(DST)":[18],"and":[19,34,74,167],"leap":[20],"second":[21],"notifications":[22],"within":[23],"enhanced":[25],"WWVB":[26],"broadcast":[27],"format.":[28],"The":[29],"general":[30],"codebook":[31],"design":[32],"criteria":[33],"construction":[36],"of":[37,58,60,106,123,130,151,163,173,187,192],"these":[38,113],"using":[40],"integer":[41],"linear":[42],"program":[43],"(ILP)":[44],"is":[45,65,91,182],"formulated.":[46],"Specifically,":[47],"different":[49,108],"variations":[50],"presented:":[52],"i)":[53],"minimizing":[54,76],"union":[56],"bound":[57,68,94],"probability":[59,172],"word":[61,174],"error":[62,175],"(PWE),":[63],"which":[64,85],"a":[66,92],"tighter":[67],"but":[69,90],"has":[70,86],"high":[71],"computational":[72],"complexity":[73,89],"ii)":[75],"an":[77],"analytical":[78],"closed":[79],"form":[80],"approximation":[81],"PWE,":[84],"much":[87],"lower":[88,183],"looser":[93],"on":[95],"exact":[97],"PWE.":[98],"By":[99],"leveraging":[100],"highly":[102],"non-uniform":[103],"a-priori":[104],"probabilities":[105],"messages":[109],"being":[110],"transmitted":[111],"in":[112,127],"fields,":[115],"proposed":[117,179],"nonlinear":[118,146,180],"provide":[120],"coding":[121],"gains":[122],"about":[124,152],"2-3":[125],"dB":[126,154],"presence":[129,162],"additive":[131],"white":[132],"Gaussian":[133],"noise":[134],"(AWGN).":[135],"When":[136],"compared":[137,189],"checksum":[139],"with":[141,190],"same":[143],"rate,":[144],"offer":[148],"performance":[149],"advantages":[150],"1-2":[153],"for":[155],"DST":[157],"notification":[158],"field.":[159],"In":[160],"impulsive":[164],"noise,":[165],"simulations":[166],"analysis":[168],"show":[169],"when":[176],"employing":[177],"code":[181],"by":[184],"many":[185],"orders":[186],"magnitude":[188],"uncoded":[194],"system.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}