{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089559246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","title":"A General 3D Space-Time-Frequency Non-Stationary Model for 6G Channels","display_name":"A General 3D Space-Time-Frequency Non-Stationary Model for 6G Channels","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089559246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","mag":"3089559246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000720706","display_name":"Ziwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068110218","display_name":"Xiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-0326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-0326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000720706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95352946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"535","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.629767894744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6273398399353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.584394633769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.573980450630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.5045965909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time","display_name":"Space time","score":0.45882463455200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3228940963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2356238067150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12923359870910645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.629767894744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273398399353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.584394633769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.573980450630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.5045965909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.45882463455200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3228940963745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2356238067150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12923359870910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3026356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969481767","https://openalex.org/W1972176711","https://openalex.org/W1997036878","https://openalex.org/W2041528569","https://openalex.org/W2073268145","https://openalex.org/W2078352566","https://openalex.org/W2082160440","https://openalex.org/W2095722879","https://openalex.org/W2109252476","https://openalex.org/W2113176235","https://openalex.org/W2119220232","https://openalex.org/W2120471278","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2124490144","https://openalex.org/W2125052747","https://openalex.org/W2133797416","https://openalex.org/W2141102592","https://openalex.org/W2146044034","https://openalex.org/W2160515200","https://openalex.org/W2167118381","https://openalex.org/W2168133032","https://openalex.org/W2168847332","https://openalex.org/W2195255315","https://openalex.org/W2339410153","https://openalex.org/W2508720818","https://openalex.org/W2540018060","https://openalex.org/W2588253314","https://openalex.org/W2608083159","https://openalex.org/W2769544239","https://openalex.org/W2775421175","https://openalex.org/W2791773463","https://openalex.org/W2886927150","https://openalex.org/W2896045615","https://openalex.org/W2902043779","https://openalex.org/W2902765948","https://openalex.org/W2904947504","https://openalex.org/W2921604001","https://openalex.org/W2962873247","https://openalex.org/W2963595641","https://openalex.org/W2976765088","https://openalex.org/W2979503391","https://openalex.org/W2980131986","https://openalex.org/W3023100036","https://openalex.org/W3043185992","https://openalex.org/W3099197978","https://openalex.org/W3102859365","https://openalex.org/W3140440502","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6660976402","https://openalex.org/W6676852327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W4310225030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"this":[1,45],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,21],"general":[4],"three-dimensional":[5],"(3D)":[6],"space-time-frequency":[7,42,141],"non-stationary":[8,81,119],"model":[9],"is":[10,32,51],"proposed":[11,19,163],"for":[12],"sixth":[13],"generation":[14],"(6G)":[15],"channels.":[16],"From":[17],"the":[18,39,48,73,77,85,90,94,103,114,137,148,152,159,162],"model,":[20],"novel":[22],"method,":[23,31,47],"so-called":[24],"correlated":[25,55],"cluster":[26,78],"based":[27,79],"birth-death":[28],"(BD)":[29],"process":[30],"developed":[33,46,74],"to":[34],"efficiently":[35],"and":[36,96,107,117,130,155],"jointly":[37],"mimic":[38],"3D":[40],"channel":[41,125,138],"non-stationarity.":[43],"frequency":[49,118],"non-stationarity":[50,139],"properly":[52],"captured":[53],"by":[54,102],"clusters,":[56,89],"which":[57],"are":[58,99,121,128],"obtained":[59],"via":[60],"an":[61],"unsupervised":[62],"learning":[63],"algorithm":[64],"in":[65,140],"machine":[66],"learning,":[67],"i.e.,":[68],"K-Means":[69],"clustering":[70],"algorithm.":[71,110],"Additionally,":[72],"method":[75,106],"involves":[76],"space-time":[80],"modeling.":[82],"Based":[83],"on":[84,93],"correlation":[86],"coefficient":[87],"of":[88,161],"BD":[91],"probabilities":[92],"array":[95],"time":[97],"axes":[98],"reasonably":[100],"modified":[101],"linear":[104],"weight":[105],"matrix":[108],"iteration":[109],"Therefore,":[111],"interactions":[112],"among":[113],"space,":[115],"time,":[116],"modeling":[120],"sufficiently":[122,145],"considered.":[123],"Important":[124],"statistical":[126],"properties":[127],"derived":[129],"thoroughly":[131],"investigated.":[132],"Simulation":[133],"results":[134,154],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"domains":[142],"can":[143],"be":[144],"characterized.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"excellent":[149],"agreement":[150],"between":[151],"simulation":[153],"measurements":[156],"further":[157],"verifies":[158],"accuracy":[160],"model.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}