{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087789612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Pilot Contamination Attack and Its Countermeasure","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Pilot Contamination Attack and Its Countermeasure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087789612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","mag":"3087789612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013133968","display_name":"Ke-Wen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-6153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke-Wen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-6153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630996","display_name":"Hui\u2010Ming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Ming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-9512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013133968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92602108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"345","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.652988612651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6178666353225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.524804949760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5070316791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48653140664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4021579921245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.36637938022613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3630549907684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.357791006565094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652988612651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6178666353225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.524804949760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5070316791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48653140664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4021579921245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.36637938022613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3630549907684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.357791006565094}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3024808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2379865914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5135885775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499142163","https://openalex.org/W1522463291","https://openalex.org/W1524013832","https://openalex.org/W1546020435","https://openalex.org/W1610774026","https://openalex.org/W1981904416","https://openalex.org/W1998752794","https://openalex.org/W2018319586","https://openalex.org/W2022628978","https://openalex.org/W2035769579","https://openalex.org/W2073741616","https://openalex.org/W2094481739","https://openalex.org/W2096127572","https://openalex.org/W2136859074","https://openalex.org/W2141974809","https://openalex.org/W2288807502","https://openalex.org/W2434195544","https://openalex.org/W2489425858","https://openalex.org/W2557513485","https://openalex.org/W2626716101","https://openalex.org/W2741552046","https://openalex.org/W2751683813","https://openalex.org/W2763218349","https://openalex.org/W2765911626","https://openalex.org/W2768249397","https://openalex.org/W2782815924","https://openalex.org/W2792412801","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2881867352","https://openalex.org/W2883158069","https://openalex.org/W2911476143","https://openalex.org/W2922809979","https://openalex.org/W2941826195","https://openalex.org/W2944211749","https://openalex.org/W2962759916","https://openalex.org/W2963034291","https://openalex.org/W2963166698","https://openalex.org/W2989579613","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3003553362","https://openalex.org/W3105472712","https://openalex.org/W3151643989","https://openalex.org/W6629993563","https://openalex.org/W6656249074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2982399888","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2359134391","https://openalex.org/W2594116857","https://openalex.org/W2947628004","https://openalex.org/W2935229758","https://openalex.org/W2502435347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pilot":[0],"contamination":[1],"attack":[2],"(PCA)":[3],"in":[4,24,104,173],"a":[5,32,36,41,179,214],"time":[6],"division":[7],"duplex":[8],"wireless":[9,152],"communication":[10,153],"system":[11],"is":[12,96,186,219,233],"considered,":[13],"where":[14],"an":[15,58],"eavesdropper":[16],"(Eve)":[17],"attacks":[18],"the":[19,28,65,82,88,91,100,108,125,136,147,150,159,190,198,223,226],"reverse":[20],"pilot":[21,66,137],"transmission":[22,93,168,211],"phase":[23],"order":[25,105],"to":[26,35,63,70,78,87,102,106,124,134,146,221,235],"wiretap":[27],"data":[29,92],"transmitted":[30],"from":[31,85],"transmitter,":[33],"Alice,":[34],"receiver,":[37],"Bob.":[38],"We":[39],"propose":[40],"new":[42,74],"PCA":[43,75,122],"scheme":[44,116,218],"for":[45],"Eve,":[46],"wherein":[47],"Eve":[48,103,130],"does":[49],"not":[50],"emit":[51],"any":[52],"signal":[53,83,237],"by":[54,68,99],"itself":[55],"but":[56],"uses":[57],"intelligent":[59],"reflecting":[60],"surface":[61],"(IRS)":[62],"reflect":[64],"sent":[67],"Bob":[69],"Alice.":[71],"The":[72,113],"proposed":[73,114,187,220],"scheme,":[76],"referred":[77],"as":[79,202,204],"IRS-PCA,":[80,129,213],"increases":[81],"leakage":[84],"Alice":[86],"IRS":[89,101],"during":[90],"phase,":[94],"which":[95,230],"then":[97],"reflected":[98],"improve":[107],"wiretapping":[109],"capability":[110],"of":[111,139,149,157,161,192,200,225],"Eve.":[112],"IRS-PCA":[115,163,170,177,201],"disables":[117],"many":[118],"existing":[119],"countermeasures":[120],"on":[121,189,229],"due":[123],"fact":[126],"that":[127],"with":[128],"no":[131],"longer":[132],"needs":[133],"know":[135],"sequence":[138],"Bob,":[140],"and":[141,165],"therefore,":[142],"poses":[143],"severe":[144],"threat":[145],"security":[148],"legitimate":[151],"system.":[154],"In":[155],"view":[156],"this,":[158],"problems":[160],"1)":[162],"detection":[164,184],"2)":[166],"secure":[167,210],"under":[169,212],"are":[171],"considered":[172],"this":[174],"paper.":[175],"For":[176,209],"detection,":[178,194],"generalized":[180],"cumulative":[181],"sum":[182],"(GCUSUM)":[183],"procedure":[185],"based":[188,228],"framework":[191],"quickest":[193],"aiming":[195],"at":[196],"detecting":[197],"occurrence":[199],"soon":[203],"possible":[205],"once":[206],"it":[207],"occurs.":[208],"cooperative":[215],"channel":[216,224],"estimation":[217],"estimate":[222],"IRS,":[227],"zero-forcing":[231],"beamforming":[232],"designed":[234],"reduce":[236],"leakage.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}