{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047479915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","title":"LRT Detectors for Spectrum Sensing of Weak OFDM Signals With Periodic Pilots","display_name":"LRT Detectors for Spectrum Sensing of Weak OFDM Signals With Periodic Pilots","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047479915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","mag":"3047479915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005031334","display_name":"Wenshan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-3237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenshan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090352566","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-1638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Standards and Mobility Innovation Laboratory, Samsung Research America Inc., Richardson, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Mobility Innovation Laboratory, Samsung Research America Inc., Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043891563","display_name":"Datong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-0872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36152291","display_name":"Henan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbgwt55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36152291"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Datong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36152291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397568","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005031334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81194401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"7514","last_page":"7527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8309661746025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7729675769805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7077150940895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6735157370567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.6109880805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.601557195186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.47208234667778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.44739216566085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-statistic","display_name":"Test statistic","score":0.43962448835372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4317690134048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42966538667678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","score":0.4237765669822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42049503326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.40636542439460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3950234055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3805307447910309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3778930604457855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29677268862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.28330346941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2398250699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17241215705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1628066897392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1282491385936737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8309661746025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7729675769805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7077150940895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6735157370567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.6109880805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.601557195186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.47208234667778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.44739216566085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169857963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461038","display_name":"Test statistic","level":3,"score":0.43962448835372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4317690134048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42966538667678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9483764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","level":2,"score":0.4237765669822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42049503326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.40636542439460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3950234055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3805307447910309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3778930604457855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29677268862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.28330346941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2398250699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17241215705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1628066897392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1282491385936737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3012290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3707982746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018BS073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321955","funder_display_name":"Henan University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4533598892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2722020JCT034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8238340394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20A510006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335955","funder_display_name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321955","display_name":"Henan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbgwt55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335955","display_name":"Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608690979","https://openalex.org/W1493593702","https://openalex.org/W1504805605","https://openalex.org/W1596300475","https://openalex.org/W1971130674","https://openalex.org/W1998425906","https://openalex.org/W2058370595","https://openalex.org/W2065234731","https://openalex.org/W2083400779","https://openalex.org/W2157118204","https://openalex.org/W2169833134","https://openalex.org/W2191580126","https://openalex.org/W2315320425","https://openalex.org/W2335894546","https://openalex.org/W2340718617","https://openalex.org/W2343654053","https://openalex.org/W2371757874","https://openalex.org/W2471453637","https://openalex.org/W2474004958","https://openalex.org/W2480116075","https://openalex.org/W2523909205","https://openalex.org/W2550020748","https://openalex.org/W2551632168","https://openalex.org/W2551956255","https://openalex.org/W2554860421","https://openalex.org/W2559035186","https://openalex.org/W2575375166","https://openalex.org/W2591870241","https://openalex.org/W2602067568","https://openalex.org/W2604464672","https://openalex.org/W2767259914","https://openalex.org/W2767559053","https://openalex.org/W2777474519","https://openalex.org/W2784097790","https://openalex.org/W2792868403","https://openalex.org/W2793787123","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2810911398","https://openalex.org/W2895979956","https://openalex.org/W2900229568","https://openalex.org/W2906618418","https://openalex.org/W2921240648","https://openalex.org/W2945766087","https://openalex.org/W2950321066","https://openalex.org/W4300532298","https://openalex.org/W6730317679","https://openalex.org/W6734336263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181410425","https://openalex.org/W2051888740","https://openalex.org/W2382279859","https://openalex.org/W2046691252","https://openalex.org/W3203708548","https://openalex.org/W2132580384","https://openalex.org/W1973050875","https://openalex.org/W2384472869","https://openalex.org/W2408444874","https://openalex.org/W1968998224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthogonal":[0],"frequency":[1],"division":[2],"multiplexing":[3],"(OFDM)":[4],"signals":[5,23,40,53,66],"are":[6,47,208],"widely":[7],"employed":[8],"in":[9,50,71,147,181,222,257,276],"most":[10,29],"wireless":[11],"comm-":[12],"unication":[13],"systems,":[14],"and":[15,58,87,184,203,247],"the":[16,31,42,51,84,93,118,123,128,134,167,170,174,189,199,211,216,250,254,269,273],"problem":[17],"of":[18,30,44,176,201,205,219],"spectrum":[19,36],"sensing":[20,37],"for":[21,38,54,83,198,210],"OFDM":[22,39,52,65,130,178,192],"has":[24],"been":[25],"extensively":[26],"investigated.":[27],"However,":[28],"available":[32],"research":[33],"reports":[34],"on":[35,138,233],"ignore":[41],"existence":[43],"pilots,":[45],"which":[46,116],"usually":[48],"inserted":[49],"synchronization,":[55,267],"channel":[56,263],"estimation":[57],"control":[59],"information":[60],"delivery.":[61],"To":[62,165,214],"sense":[63],"weak":[64],"with":[67,86,104,127,188,242,264],"periodic":[68],"pilots":[69,126],"reliably":[70],"cognitive":[72],"radio":[73],"networks,":[74],"we":[75,109,149,226],"propose":[76,110,151,228],"two":[77],"likelihood":[78],"ratio":[79],"test":[80,119,168],"(LRT)":[81],"detectors":[82],"scenarios":[85],"without":[88,280],"time":[89,140,163,266,281],"synchronization":[90,141],"information.":[91],"In":[92],"ideal":[94],"scenario":[95],"that":[96,142,159,249],"an":[97,229],"unlicensed":[98],"secondary":[99],"user":[100],"is":[101,143],"perfectly":[102],"synchronized":[103],"a":[105,111,152,182],"licensed":[106],"primary":[107],"user,":[108],"near-optimal":[112],"LRT":[113,156],"(NOLRT)":[114],"detector,":[115],"constructs":[117],"statistic":[120],"by":[121],"correlating":[122],"locally":[124],"generated":[125],"received":[129,191],"signal":[131,179,193],"samples.":[132,194],"Since":[133],"NOLRT":[135,251],"detector":[136,158,172,252,271],"relies":[137],"perfect":[139,265],"difficult":[144],"to":[145],"realize":[146],"practice,":[148],"further":[150],"more":[153],"practical":[154],"buffer-aided":[155],"(BALRT)":[157],"does":[160],"not":[161],"require":[162],"synchronization.":[164,282],"formulate":[166],"statistic,":[169],"BALRT":[171,270],"stores":[173],"averages":[175],"historical":[177],"samples":[180],"buffer":[183],"then":[185],"correlates":[186],"them":[187],"currently":[190],"Theoretical":[195],"closed-form":[196],"expressions":[197],"probability":[200,204],"detection":[202],"false":[206],"alarm":[207],"derived":[209],"proposed":[212],"detectors.":[213],"alleviate":[215],"negative":[217],"effects":[218],"noise":[220,234,261],"uncertainty":[221],"low":[223],"SNR":[224],"scenarios,":[225],"also":[227],"effective":[230],"method":[231],"based":[232],"power":[235],"estimation.":[236],"Monte":[237],"Carlo":[238],"simulation":[239],"results":[240,244],"match":[241],"theoretical":[243],"very":[245],"well":[246],"show":[248],"outperforms":[253,272],"counterparts":[255,274],"significantly":[256],"additive":[258],"white":[259],"Gaussian":[260],"(AWGN)":[262],"while":[268],"noticeably":[275],"multipath":[277],"propagation":[278],"environments":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}