{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033741114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","title":"Robust Localization Based on ML-Type, Multi-Stage ML-Type, and Extrapolated Single Propagation UKF Methods Under Mixed LOS/NLOS Conditions","display_name":"Robust Localization Based on ML-Type, Multi-Stage ML-Type, and Extrapolated Single Propagation UKF Methods Under Mixed LOS/NLOS Conditions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033741114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","mag":"3033741114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023394161","display_name":"Chee\u2010Hyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee-Hyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002418613","display_name":"Joon\u2010Hyuk Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon-Hyuk Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-2323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77272075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"5819","last_page":"5832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9786021709442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6422812938690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6003272533416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5817844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47749635577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.46281325817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4523518681526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3589308559894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33279621601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.239474356174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19692209362983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09253299236297607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9786021709442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6422812938690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6003272533416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5817844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47749635577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.46281325817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4523518681526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3589308559894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33279621601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.239474356174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19692209362983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09253299236297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2997455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2729120313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A1B03032895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149129625","https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W565868953","https://openalex.org/W1497886808","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1976867558","https://openalex.org/W1999177119","https://openalex.org/W2002862898","https://openalex.org/W2005598601","https://openalex.org/W2018152254","https://openalex.org/W2035300031","https://openalex.org/W2035539843","https://openalex.org/W2075403247","https://openalex.org/W2078796775","https://openalex.org/W2081345541","https://openalex.org/W2095705027","https://openalex.org/W2104264645","https://openalex.org/W2115407547","https://openalex.org/W2116598146","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2122690814","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2123914993","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2133490805","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2135874888","https://openalex.org/W2141218268","https://openalex.org/W2142471115","https://openalex.org/W2148347826","https://openalex.org/W2150151472","https://openalex.org/W2150470808","https://openalex.org/W2150952698","https://openalex.org/W2196236952","https://openalex.org/W2217752871","https://openalex.org/W2296143655","https://openalex.org/W2320204711","https://openalex.org/W2498631646","https://openalex.org/W2511507617","https://openalex.org/W2513432396","https://openalex.org/W2523327093","https://openalex.org/W2581087180","https://openalex.org/W2754132388","https://openalex.org/W2808820405","https://openalex.org/W2887226744","https://openalex.org/W2938487828","https://openalex.org/W2963134661","https://openalex.org/W3104033897","https://openalex.org/W4205806204","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4230367971","https://openalex.org/W4238608674","https://openalex.org/W6678372795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2358825988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"robust":[3,36,47,67],"localization":[4,37,49],"algorithms":[5,38,65],"that":[6],"use":[7],"range":[8],"measurements":[9],"to":[10,95,98],"estimate":[11],"the":[12,25,35,46,86,90,104,117,128],"location":[13],"parameters.":[14],"The":[15,53],"non-line-of-sight":[16],"(NLOS)":[17],"propagation":[18,70],"of":[19,89,100,127],"a":[20],"signal":[21],"can":[22],"severely":[23],"deteriorate":[24],"estimation":[26],"performance":[27],"in":[28,41,103],"indoor":[29],"and":[30,57,66,106,124],"population-dense":[31],"urban":[32],"areas.":[33],"Therefore,":[34],"are":[39,75,93,114],"considered":[40],"this":[42],"paper.":[43],"In":[44,111],"particular,":[45],"statistics-based":[48],"is":[50],"dealt":[51],"with.":[52],"maximum":[54],"likelihood":[55],"(ML)-type":[56],"multi-stage":[58],"ML-type":[59],"method-based":[60],"weighted":[61],"least":[62],"squares":[63],"(WLS)":[64],"extrapolated":[68],"single":[69],"unscented":[71],"Kalman":[72],"filter":[73],"(ESPUKF)":[74],"proposed":[76,91,129],"for":[77],"mixed":[78,108],"line-of-sight":[79],"(LOS)/NLOS":[80],"environments.":[81],"Based":[82],"on":[83,116],"extensive":[84],"simulations,":[85],"positioning":[87],"accuracies":[88],"methods":[92,102],"found":[94],"be":[96],"superior":[97],"those":[99],"conventional":[101],"mildly":[105],"moderately":[107],"LOS/NLOS":[109],"conditions.":[110],"addition,":[112],"analyses":[113],"conducted":[115],"mean":[118],"square":[119],"error":[120],"(MSE),":[121],"asymptotical":[122],"unbiasedness":[123],"computational":[125],"complexity":[126],"algorithms.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}