{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025954500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","title":"IndoorWaze: A Crowdsourcing-Based Context-Aware Indoor Navigation System","display_name":"IndoorWaze: A Crowdsourcing-Based Context-Aware Indoor Navigation System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025954500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","mag":"3025954500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455316","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077785541","display_name":"Dianqi Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-5869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianqi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377726","display_name":"Yimin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421929","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-5998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware, Newark, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615703","display_name":"Yanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035179795","display_name":"Terri Hedgpeth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri Hedgpeth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disability Resource Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disability Resource Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100455316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90609705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"5461","last_page":"5472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floor-plan","display_name":"Floor plan","score":0.8843898177146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8236340284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8057361245155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6681082248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.522706151008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5223285555839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5213252902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shopping-mall","display_name":"Shopping mall","score":0.48613807559013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.47175461053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3626120686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33320504426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.18776148557662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17152270674705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16028141975402832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61056293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Floor plan","level":2,"score":0.8843898177146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8236340284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8057361245155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6681082248687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.522706151008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5223285555839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5213252902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776678367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31374404","display_name":"Shopping mall","level":2,"score":0.48613807559013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47175461053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3626120686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33320504426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.18776148557662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17152270674705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16028141975402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2993545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/27673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/27673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Author","raw_type":"Conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286673930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1933069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1439316797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1933069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2825976398","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Small: Secure Mobile Cloud Sensing","funder_award_id":"1718078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4139483454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1651954 (CAREER)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4199013102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1700039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4237070888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1933047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4312165578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1933047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4919273428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1824355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5513088638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1619251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5768077579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1718078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6155627522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1651954","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6263996766","display_name":"TWC: Small: Secure Mobile Devices through Multiple Lines of Defense","funder_award_id":"1619251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6356462157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1824355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589469484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1514381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6742383059","display_name":"CAREER: Secure Database-Driven Dynamic Spectrum Sharing","funder_award_id":"1651954","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6814421698","display_name":"NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Secure and Usable Indoor Navigation for Individuals with Visual Impairment","funder_award_id":"1700039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8601056961","display_name":"NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Secure and Usable Indoor Navigation for Individuals with Visual Impairment","funder_award_id":"1514381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76788353","https://openalex.org/W1546433998","https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1981831056","https://openalex.org/W2011817192","https://openalex.org/W2013503669","https://openalex.org/W2021402103","https://openalex.org/W2040862053","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2053458596","https://openalex.org/W2054602086","https://openalex.org/W2088739204","https://openalex.org/W2090274112","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2127600800","https://openalex.org/W2142216726","https://openalex.org/W2148482829","https://openalex.org/W2161298139","https://openalex.org/W2164729653","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2170985202","https://openalex.org/W2181983688","https://openalex.org/W2307851164","https://openalex.org/W2342926214","https://openalex.org/W2438328984","https://openalex.org/W2790808434","https://openalex.org/W2887002739","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6679216312","https://openalex.org/W6698302138","https://openalex.org/W6704346397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089318624","https://openalex.org/W2803765572","https://openalex.org/W2898033783","https://openalex.org/W2128502391","https://openalex.org/W1981847139","https://openalex.org/W2139486723","https://openalex.org/W2606084229","https://openalex.org/W3001214790","https://openalex.org/W3025954500","https://openalex.org/W2781603929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"navigation":[1,37,65],"systems":[2,16],"are":[3,43,159,169],"very":[4,119],"useful":[5],"in":[6,84,137,154],"large":[7,139],"complex":[8],"indoor":[9,20,36,64,78,92,123],"environments":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"shopping":[13,140],"malls.":[14],"Current":[15],"focus":[17],"on":[18,131],"improving":[19],"localization":[21],"accuracy":[22],"and":[23,98,125,134,162,167,172],"must":[24],"be":[25],"combined":[26],"with":[27,76,94],"an":[28,71],"accurate":[29,72],"labeled":[30,40,77,109,151,161],"floor":[31,41,74,110,152],"plan":[32,75],"to":[33,51,105],"provide":[34],"usable":[35],"services.":[38],"Such":[39],"plans":[42],"often":[44],"unavailable":[45],"or":[46],"involve":[47],"a":[48,60,107,113,138,149],"prohibitive":[49],"cost":[50],"manually":[52],"obtain.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"present":[58],"IndoorWaze,":[59],"novel":[61],"crowdsourcing-based":[62,115],"context-aware":[63,73],"system":[66],"that":[67,145],"can":[68,147],"automatically":[69],"generate":[70,148],"POIs":[79],"for":[80,177],"the":[81,88,95,157,165,173,178],"first":[82],"time":[83],"literature.":[85],"IndoorWaze":[86,117,130,146],"combines":[87],"Wi-Fi":[89,96],"fingerprints":[90,97],"of":[91],"walkers":[93,124],"POI":[99,103,126],"labels":[100],"provided":[101],"by":[102],"employees":[104],"produce":[106],"high-fidelity":[108,150],"plan.":[111],"As":[112],"lightweight":[114],"system,":[116],"involves":[118],"little":[120],"effort":[121],"from":[122],"employees.":[127],"We":[128],"prototype":[129],"Android":[132],"smartphones":[133],"evaluate":[135],"it":[136],"mall.":[141],"Our":[142],"results":[143],"show":[144],"plan,":[153],"which":[155],"all":[156,164],"stores":[158],"correctly":[160,170],"arranged,":[163],"pathways":[166],"crossings":[168],"shown,":[171],"median":[174],"estimation":[175],"error":[176],"store":[179],"dimension":[180],"is":[181],"below":[182],"12%.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
