{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025182327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","title":"Hybrid Constellations for Dual-Polarized Wireless Communications","display_name":"Hybrid Constellations for Dual-Polarized Wireless Communications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025182327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","mag":"3025182327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087832417","display_name":"Xiaobin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-2614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-2614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052471600","display_name":"Thomas G. Pratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-4409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas G. Pratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-4409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002338945","display_name":"Thomas E. Fuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas E. Fuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-8499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56224847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"5321","last_page":"5332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.7244038581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6568022966384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6457923054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6066486835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5205801129341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.5011513233184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49731186032295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4821057617664337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4417755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3842321038246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3827086091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.20045751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15780365467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1478773057460785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.7244038581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6568022966384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6457923054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6066486835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5205801129341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.5011513233184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49731186032295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4821057617664337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4417755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3842321038246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3827086091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.20045751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15780365467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1478773057460785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.2991991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689396914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D18AP00015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3863124332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-15-1-2057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512085033","https://openalex.org/W1520239025","https://openalex.org/W1754838066","https://openalex.org/W1845215664","https://openalex.org/W1926263029","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2006361580","https://openalex.org/W2032978198","https://openalex.org/W2075328700","https://openalex.org/W2099178466","https://openalex.org/W2101646413","https://openalex.org/W2110325491","https://openalex.org/W2112544308","https://openalex.org/W2113860549","https://openalex.org/W2117020975","https://openalex.org/W2119207405","https://openalex.org/W2148986322","https://openalex.org/W2167394661","https://openalex.org/W2885812510","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W4205533812","https://openalex.org/W6637604035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154002176","https://openalex.org/W3175025101","https://openalex.org/W2962686048","https://openalex.org/W1488477078","https://openalex.org/W4293861679","https://openalex.org/W1552878617","https://openalex.org/W2563942201","https://openalex.org/W4214914662","https://openalex.org/W3006405601","https://openalex.org/W1970875229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,29],"considers":[2,30],"constellation":[3],"designs":[4],"for":[5],"2\u00d72":[6],"systems":[7],"with":[8,52,79,111,130,151],"a":[9,18,35,159],"coherent":[10,44],"dual-polarized":[11,160],"antenna":[12],"configuration.":[13],"Such":[14],"an":[15,171],"architecture":[16],"enables":[17],"four":[19],"dimensional":[20],"(4D)":[21],"signal":[22,101],"space":[23],"that":[24,62,117],"exploits":[25],"polarization,":[26],"and":[27,40,71,85,88,126,131,140,179],"this":[28],"hybrid":[31,83,168],"constellations":[32,61,169],"formed":[33],"as":[34],"combination":[36],"of":[37,95,136,164],"amplitude/phase":[38],"states":[39],"polarization":[41,53],"states.":[42],"For":[43,103],"detection,":[45,105],"phase":[46,73,121],"shift":[47,54,74],"keying":[48,55,75],"(PSK)":[49],"is":[50,109],"combined":[51,78,110],"(PolSK)":[56],"to":[57,81,113],"produce":[58],"constant-power":[59],"PSK+PolSK":[60],"consistently":[63],"outperform":[64],"PSK+PSK.":[65],"Next,":[66],"quadrature":[67],"amplitude":[68,72],"modulation":[69,97],"(QAM)":[70],"(APSK)":[76],"are":[77,146,174],"PolSK":[80,112],"construct":[82],"QAM+PolSK":[84],"APSK+PolSK":[86],"constellations,":[87],"constrained":[89],"capacity":[90],"results":[91],"indicate":[92],"the":[93,124,133],"viability":[94],"coded":[96],"based":[98],"on":[99],"these":[100],"spaces.":[102],"non-coherent":[104],"differential":[106],"PSK":[107],"(DPSK)":[108],"yield":[114],"DPSK+PolSK":[115],"signaling":[116],"does":[118],"not":[119],"require":[120],"alignment":[122],"at":[123],"receiver":[125],"outperforms":[127],"DPSK+DPSK,":[128],"both":[129,177],"without":[132],"adverse":[134],"effect":[135],"carrier":[137],"frequency":[138],"offset":[139],"symbol":[141],"time":[142],"offset.":[143],"The":[144],"methods":[145],"verified":[147],"in":[148,158,170],"over-the-air":[149],"testing":[150],"universal":[152],"software":[153],"radio":[154],"peripherals":[155],"(USRPs)":[156],"integrated":[157],"testbed.":[161],"Error":[162],"performances":[163],"all":[165],"proposed":[166],"4D":[167],"OFDM":[172],"framework":[173],"analyzed":[175],"under":[176],"quasi-AWGN":[178],"multipath":[180],"fading":[181],"scenarios.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}