{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004444190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","title":"Signal Acquisition With Photon-Counting Detector Arrays in Free-Space Optical Communications","display_name":"Signal Acquisition With Photon-Counting Detector Arrays in Free-Space Optical Communications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004444190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","mag":"3004444190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014576668","display_name":"Muhammad Salman Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division,, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division,, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division,, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division,, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014576668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86333839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"2181","last_page":"2195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6971487998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.6552994251251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5869841575622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.5438774228096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5199950337409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5110708475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"Shot noise","score":0.48806846141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.47530895471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.4580937325954437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.45349156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4436380863189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4244583547115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.42197930812835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.4185323715209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40257424116134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3831029534339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32207876443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2796744108200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21751084923744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20217832922935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13226771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12890461087226868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6971487998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.6552994251251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5869841575622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.5438774228096008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5199950337409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5110708475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.48806846141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.47530895471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.4580937325954437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45349156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4436380863189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4244583547115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.42197930812835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.4185323715209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40257424116134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3831029534339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32207876443862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2796744108200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21751084923744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20217832922935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13226771354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12890461087226868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2962670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/661043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/661043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236348914","https://openalex.org/W1568165673","https://openalex.org/W1586180564","https://openalex.org/W1911590525","https://openalex.org/W1988446884","https://openalex.org/W2065082092","https://openalex.org/W2099839527","https://openalex.org/W2101368181","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2163263392","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2471223678","https://openalex.org/W2492752217","https://openalex.org/W2553468369","https://openalex.org/W2585583649","https://openalex.org/W2589044693","https://openalex.org/W2729481589","https://openalex.org/W2741318886","https://openalex.org/W2773487722","https://openalex.org/W2790962380","https://openalex.org/W2792477041","https://openalex.org/W2888845466","https://openalex.org/W2890385692","https://openalex.org/W2896829547","https://openalex.org/W2977331451","https://openalex.org/W3098949437","https://openalex.org/W3123545179","https://openalex.org/W4212811627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133309669","https://openalex.org/W2087159119","https://openalex.org/W2589070551","https://openalex.org/W1613226384","https://openalex.org/W4387714700","https://openalex.org/W2969395133","https://openalex.org/W2364986039","https://openalex.org/W2164011616","https://openalex.org/W2604634667","https://openalex.org/W2765726077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pointing":[0],"and":[1,29,40,60,68,86,96,117],"acquisition":[2,30,115,120,130,157,178,183],"are":[3,93,99,122],"an":[4,153,170],"important":[5],"aspect":[6],"of":[7,12,57,65,83,152,172,182,191],"free-space":[8,33],"optical":[9,19,34],"communications":[10,35],"because":[11],"the":[13,18,27,49,55,58,62,72,77,81,110,114,118,138,148,195],"narrow":[14],"beamwidth":[15],"associated":[16],"with":[17,101,135],"signal.":[20],"In":[21,43],"this":[22,44],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,46],"have":[25,47],"analyzed":[26,61],"pointing":[28],"problem":[31],"in":[32,162],"for":[36,53,89,105,141],"photon-counting":[37],"detector":[38,190],"arrays":[39],"Gaussian":[41],"beams.":[42],"regard,":[45],"considered":[48],"maximum":[50],"likelihood":[51],"detection":[52,67,85],"detecting":[54],"location":[56],"array,":[59],"one-shot":[63],"probabilities":[64,82,98],"missed":[66,84],"false":[69,87],"alarm":[70,88],"using":[71],"scaled":[73],"Poisson":[74],"approximation.":[75],"Moreover,":[76],"upper/lower":[78],"bounds":[79,112],"on":[80,113,128,156],"one":[90,188],"complete":[91],"scan":[92],"also":[94,123,160],"derived,":[95],"these":[97],"compared":[100,186],"Monte":[102],"Carlo":[103],"approximations":[104],"a":[106,142,163,176],"few":[107],"cases.":[108],"Additionally,":[109],"upper":[111,126,154],"time":[116,121,131,158],"mean":[119,129],"derived.":[124],"The":[125],"bound":[127,155],"is":[132,159],"minimized":[133],"numerically":[134],"respect":[136],"to":[137,187],"beam":[139],"radius":[140],"constant":[143],"signal-to-noise":[144],"ratio":[145],"scenario.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"complementary":[149],"distribution":[150],"function":[151],"calculated":[161],"closed":[164],"form.":[165],"Our":[166],"study":[167],"concludes":[168],"that":[169],"array":[171],"smaller":[173],"detectors":[174],"gives":[175],"better":[177],"performance":[179],"(in":[180],"terms":[181],"time)":[184],"as":[185,194],"large":[189],"similar":[192],"dimensions":[193],"array.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T06:03:25.996018","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
