{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969793929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","title":"Directional Frame Timing Synchronization in Wideband Millimeter-Wave Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs","display_name":"Directional Frame Timing Synchronization in Wideband Millimeter-Wave Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969793929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","mag":"2969793929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087508816","display_name":"Dalin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-2918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dalin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America, Plano, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-2918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America, Plano, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036148003","display_name":"Ralf Bendlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Bendlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022269967","display_name":"Salam Akoum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salam Akoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038670535","display_name":"Arunabha Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-8693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunabha Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029812222","display_name":"Robert W. Heath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Heath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-5628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087508816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82655265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"5350","last_page":"5366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7871164083480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7482779026031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6669464707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.6469408273696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5968528985977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.543655514717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-synchronization","display_name":"Frame synchronization","score":0.43364229798316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25559037923812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18891465663909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1284635066986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08608126640319824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7871164083480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7482779026031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6669464707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.6469408273696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5968528985977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.543655514717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178317062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477933","display_name":"Frame synchronization","level":4,"score":0.43364229798316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25559037923812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18891465663909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1284635066986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08608126640319824}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5054079009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1711702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681017652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1731658","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8546124464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1702800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W779733492","https://openalex.org/W1521591241","https://openalex.org/W1760105601","https://openalex.org/W1801517207","https://openalex.org/W2066530892","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2098725264","https://openalex.org/W2102803874","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2125807185","https://openalex.org/W2126784429","https://openalex.org/W2133835435","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2145208751","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2276407660","https://openalex.org/W2345417877","https://openalex.org/W2463747392","https://openalex.org/W2533046718","https://openalex.org/W2534496827","https://openalex.org/W2587278219","https://openalex.org/W2606383876","https://openalex.org/W2798830229","https://openalex.org/W2900891372","https://openalex.org/W2902948489","https://openalex.org/W2962819930","https://openalex.org/W2963783167","https://openalex.org/W2964023610","https://openalex.org/W2974461330","https://openalex.org/W2989982485","https://openalex.org/W3098271517","https://openalex.org/W3099554745","https://openalex.org/W3099569782","https://openalex.org/W3102763195","https://openalex.org/W3105281589","https://openalex.org/W6631398929","https://openalex.org/W6679280899","https://openalex.org/W6755559992","https://openalex.org/W6756351775","https://openalex.org/W6756624817","https://openalex.org/W6769850677","https://openalex.org/W6786029248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382517610","https://openalex.org/W2159807862","https://openalex.org/W1523859221","https://openalex.org/W2544687545","https://openalex.org/W2029849606","https://openalex.org/W2111583000","https://openalex.org/W2099340653","https://openalex.org/W2105118515","https://openalex.org/W2157126534","https://openalex.org/W2548702785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,27],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,32],"propose":[4],"and":[5,93,149],"evaluate":[6],"a":[7,63,101,123],"novel":[8],"beamforming":[9,66,85,147],"strategy":[10],"for":[11,157],"directional":[12,57,106],"frame":[13,58],"timing":[14,59,165],"synchronization":[15,47,60,107,115,125,166,183],"in":[16,49,180],"wideband":[17,158],"millimeter-wave":[18],"(mmWave)":[19],"systems":[20,160],"operating":[21],"with":[22,161],"low-resolution":[23,69,162],"analog-to-digital":[24],"converters":[25],"(ADCs).":[26],"the":[28,40,50,55,75,112,129,138,146,150,164,173,178,181],"employed":[29],"system":[30],"model,":[31],"assume":[33],"multiple":[34,46],"radio":[35],"frequency":[36],"chains":[37],"equipped":[38],"at":[39,110],"base":[41],"station":[42],"to":[43,89,142,177],"simultaneously":[44,139],"form":[45],"beams":[48,141],"analog":[51],"domain.":[52],"We":[53,71,98],"formulate":[54],"corresponding":[56],"problem":[61,67,77],"as":[62],"max-min":[64],"multicast":[65],"under":[68],"quantization.":[70],"first":[72],"show":[73],"that":[74,156],"formulated":[76],"cannot":[78],"be":[79],"effectively":[80],"solved":[81],"by":[82],"conventional":[83],"single-stream":[84],"based":[86,105],"approaches":[87,175],"due":[88,176],"large":[90],"quantization":[91,151],"loss":[92],"limited":[94],"beam":[95,136],"codebook":[96],"resolution.":[97],"then":[99],"develop":[100],"new":[102],"multi-beam":[103],"probing":[104],"strategy,":[108],"targeting":[109],"maximizing":[111],"minimum":[113],"received":[114,182],"signal-to-quantization-plus-noise":[116],"ratio":[117],"(SQNR)":[118],"among":[119],"all":[120],"users.":[121],"Leveraging":[122],"common":[124],"signal":[126],"structure":[127],"design,":[128],"proposed":[130,170],"approach":[131],"synthesizes":[132],"an":[133],"effective":[134],"composite":[135],"from":[137],"probed":[140],"better":[143],"trade":[144],"off":[145],"gain":[148],"distortion.":[152],"Numerical":[153],"results":[154],"reveal":[155],"mmWave":[159],"ADCs,":[163],"performance":[167],"of":[168],"our":[169],"method":[171],"outperforms":[172],"existing":[174],"improvement":[179],"SQNR.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}