{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969525674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","title":"Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for UAV Networks","display_name":"Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation for UAV Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969525674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","mag":"2969525674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/8994112/08807386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/8994112/08807386.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054496135","display_name":"Jingjing Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863392","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002265731","display_name":"Arumugam Nallanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arumugam Nallanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054496135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":431.9189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":551,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99995637,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"729","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8796901702880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8262422680854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.7550286054611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6220710873603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-exchange","display_name":"Information exchange","score":0.559869647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.5563138723373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5262859463691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5130759477615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.4997234344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47200915217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35390734672546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3494078516960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32002347707748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2694748044013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1173950731754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1063774824142456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8796901702880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8262422680854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.7550286054611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6220710873603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.559869647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5563138723373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5262859463691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5130759477615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.4997234344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47200915217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35390734672546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3494078516960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32002347707748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2694748044013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1173950731754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1063774824142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/8994112/08807386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/349404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/349404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2935201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7693/8994112/08807386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4215433715","display_name":"Enabling High-Speed Microwave and Millimetre Wave Links (MiMiWaveS)","funder_award_id":"EP/N029720/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4893255179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N029720/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969525674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969525674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103885025","https://openalex.org/W203023637","https://openalex.org/W309749295","https://openalex.org/W1480317510","https://openalex.org/W1529817735","https://openalex.org/W1980358463","https://openalex.org/W1982426564","https://openalex.org/W1997901164","https://openalex.org/W2020199432","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2059394772","https://openalex.org/W2062379507","https://openalex.org/W2068115726","https://openalex.org/W2073144514","https://openalex.org/W2092507086","https://openalex.org/W2093124599","https://openalex.org/W2096145798","https://openalex.org/W2101124704","https://openalex.org/W2104506791","https://openalex.org/W2104602264","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2152272310","https://openalex.org/W2165131254","https://openalex.org/W2258127536","https://openalex.org/W2285198146","https://openalex.org/W2317795041","https://openalex.org/W2412503523","https://openalex.org/W2437597201","https://openalex.org/W2483325812","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2558431499","https://openalex.org/W2783184536","https://openalex.org/W2783729004","https://openalex.org/W2784320632","https://openalex.org/W2791092156","https://openalex.org/W2794886055","https://openalex.org/W2798450826","https://openalex.org/W2885423658","https://openalex.org/W2892078410","https://openalex.org/W2899102621","https://openalex.org/W2958874452","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2962847915","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963615009","https://openalex.org/W2963721752","https://openalex.org/W2964310887","https://openalex.org/W3106458633","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4235234911","https://openalex.org/W4252284432","https://openalex.org/W6610832093","https://openalex.org/W6675811377","https://openalex.org/W6717840586","https://openalex.org/W6747875335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124130287","https://openalex.org/W2923452570","https://openalex.org/W206598027","https://openalex.org/W2978610750","https://openalex.org/W2022931285","https://openalex.org/W1589966275","https://openalex.org/W2086872282","https://openalex.org/W2137789903","https://openalex.org/W2138781885","https://openalex.org/W4315630413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,9],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"are":[4,168],"capable":[5,169],"of":[6,27,36,170,174],"serving":[7],"as":[8,80],"base":[10],"stations":[11],"(BSs)":[12],"for":[13,84,139,164],"providing":[14],"both":[15],"cost-effective":[16],"and":[17,57,69,96,166,211],"on-demand":[18],"wireless":[19],"communications.":[20],"This":[21],"article":[22],"investigates":[23],"dynamic":[24],"resource":[25,77,98,179],"allocation":[26,78,99,180],"multiple":[28],"UAVs":[29],"enabled":[30],"communication":[31],"networks":[32],"with":[33,45,194],"the":[34,67,75,86,107,172,175,183,192],"goal":[35],"maximizing":[37,85],"long-term":[38,76],"rewards.":[39],"More":[40,132],"particularly,":[41],"each":[42,90,97,119],"UAV":[43,91],"communicates":[44],"a":[46,81,93,112,144,150,205],"ground":[47],"user":[48],"by":[49,106],"automatically":[50],"selecting":[51],"its":[52,122,127],"communicating":[53],"user,":[54],"power":[55],"level":[56],"subchannel":[58],"without":[59],"any":[60],"information":[61,196,212],"exchange":[62,213],"among":[63,198],"UAVs.":[64,108,199],"To":[65],"model":[66],"dynamics":[68],"uncertainty":[70],"in":[71],"environments,":[72],"we":[73,110,134],"formulate":[74],"problem":[79],"stochastic":[82],"game":[83],"expected":[87],"rewards,":[88],"where":[89],"becomes":[92],"learning":[94,115],"agent":[95,120],"solution":[100],"corresponds":[101],"to":[102,126,191],"an":[103,136],"action":[104],"taken":[105],"Afterwards,":[109],"develop":[111],"multi-agent":[113],"reinforcement":[114],"(MARL)":[116],"framework":[117],"that":[118],"discovers":[121],"best":[123],"strategy":[124],"according":[125],"local":[128],"observations":[129],"using":[130],"learning.":[131],"specifically,":[133],"propose":[135],"agent-independent":[137],"method,":[138],"which":[140],"all":[141],"agents":[142],"conduct":[143],"decision":[145],"algorithm":[146,186],"independently":[147],"but":[148],"share":[149],"common":[151],"structure":[152],"based":[153,178],"on":[154],"Q-learning.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"simulation":[157],"results":[158],"reveal":[159],"that:":[160],"1)":[161],"appropriate":[162],"parameters":[163],"exploitation":[165],"exploration":[167],"enhancing":[171],"performance":[173,189,209],"proposed":[176,184],"MARL":[177,185],"algorithm;":[181],"2)":[182],"provides":[187],"acceptable":[188],"compared":[190],"case":[193],"complete":[195],"exchanges":[197],"By":[200],"doing":[201],"so,":[202],"it":[203],"strikes":[204],"good":[206],"tradeoff":[207],"between":[208],"gains":[210],"overheads.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}