{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964173589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","title":"A Statistical Characterization of Localization Performance in Wireless Networks","display_name":"A Statistical Characterization of Localization Performance in Wireless Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964173589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","mag":"2964173589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015188657","display_name":"Christopher E. O'Lone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-3376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher E. O'Lone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064063671","display_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052487611","display_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-1154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015188657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92456553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"5841","last_page":"5856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.8460275530815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5533643364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5423160791397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.518604040145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4896462559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33810317516326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3288435935974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.15160804986953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.0992882251739502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.8460275530815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5533643364906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5423160791397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.518604040145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4896462559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33810317516326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3288435935974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.15160804986953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0992882251739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2850310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W432844638","https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W1497242370","https://openalex.org/W1548561594","https://openalex.org/W1583462325","https://openalex.org/W1612205388","https://openalex.org/W1805951207","https://openalex.org/W1832889389","https://openalex.org/W1969144673","https://openalex.org/W1982194174","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1999037997","https://openalex.org/W2003146915","https://openalex.org/W2045366642","https://openalex.org/W2062489182","https://openalex.org/W2067301881","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2115710963","https://openalex.org/W2119780913","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2155436284","https://openalex.org/W2159537134","https://openalex.org/W2509428831","https://openalex.org/W2568631306","https://openalex.org/W2727074459","https://openalex.org/W2908099280","https://openalex.org/W2963041424","https://openalex.org/W3105072513","https://openalex.org/W3144423395","https://openalex.org/W4206180546","https://openalex.org/W6633824118","https://openalex.org/W6635209996","https://openalex.org/W6642785733","https://openalex.org/W6645565407","https://openalex.org/W6666125005","https://openalex.org/W6725278017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164801693","https://openalex.org/W1479746946","https://openalex.org/W2055757274","https://openalex.org/W2511739151","https://openalex.org/W2143803213","https://openalex.org/W2155014562","https://openalex.org/W2134404114","https://openalex.org/W1964936841","https://openalex.org/W2026659681","https://openalex.org/W2185708237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"performance":[1],"in":[2,69],"wireless":[3,199],"networks":[4],"has":[5],"traditionally":[6],"been":[7],"benchmarked":[8],"using":[9],"the":[10,30,60,70,84,89,93,114,120,129,138,141,147,165],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[11],"lower":[12],"bound":[13],"(CRLB),":[14],"given":[15],"a":[16,25,45,134,205],"<italic":[17,65,95,102,143,166,196],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,66,96,103,144,167,197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">fixed</i>":[19],"geometry":[20],"of":[21,50,62,72,92,128,140,149,185,208],"anchor":[22,33,180],"nodes":[23],"and":[24,32,119,179],"target.":[26],"However,":[27],"by":[28,88],"endowing":[29],"target":[31,178],"locations":[34],"with":[35,204],"distributions,":[36],"this":[37,40,51,63,77,79,132,155,172,209],"paper":[38,52,80,202],"recasts":[39],"traditional":[41],"scalar":[42],"benchmark":[43],"as":[44],"random":[46],"variable.":[47],"The":[48],"goal":[49],"is":[53,86,152,157],"to":[54,124,159],"derive":[55,76,160],"an":[56,110,125,161,195],"analytical":[57,162],"expression":[58,136,163],"for":[59,137,164,176],"distribution":[61,139,174],"now":[64],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">random</i>":[67],"CRLB,":[68,121,142],"context":[71],"Time-of-Arrival-based":[73],"positioning.":[74],"To":[75],"distribution,":[78],"first":[81],"analyzes":[82],"how":[83],"CRLB":[85,169],"affected":[87],"order":[90],"statistics":[91],"angles":[94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">between</i>":[97],"consecutive":[98],"participating":[99,150,186],"anchors":[100],"(":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e.,</i>":[104],"internodal":[105,117],"angles).":[106],"This":[107,201],"analysis":[108,207],"reveals":[109],"intimate":[111],"connection":[112],"between":[113],"second":[115],"largest":[116],"angle":[118],"which":[122],"leads":[123],"accurate":[126],"approximation":[127],"CRLB.":[130],"Using":[131],"approximation,":[133],"closed-form":[135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">conditioned</i>":[145],"on":[146],"number":[148],"anchors,":[151,187],"obtained.":[153],"Next,":[154],"conditioning":[156],"eliminated":[158],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">marginal</i>":[168],"distribution.":[170],"Since":[171],"marginal":[173],"accounts":[175],"all":[177,183],"positions,":[181],"across":[182],"numbers":[184],"it":[188],"therefore":[189],"statistically":[190],"characterizes":[191],"localization":[192],"error":[193],"throughout":[194],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">entire</i>":[198],"network.":[200],"concludes":[203],"comprehensive":[206],"new":[210],"network-wide-CRLB":[211],"paradigm.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}