{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2750602456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","title":"Design of Distributed Protograph LDPC Codes for Multi-Relay Coded-Cooperative Networks","display_name":"Design of Distributed Protograph LDPC Codes for Multi-Relay Coded-Cooperative Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2750602456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","mag":"2750602456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067418255","display_name":"Yi Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019164720","display_name":"Soung Chang Liew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-6483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soung Chang Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066110295","display_name":"Taotao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9454-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taotao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067418255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713","https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9629301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"7235","last_page":"7251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7207260131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7062333822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6806823015213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6499555706977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.5411315560340881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5191106796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5015549659729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-gain","display_name":"Coding gain","score":0.42670392990112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-ratio-combining","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","score":0.4244779348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.42304688692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-diversity","display_name":"Cooperative diversity","score":0.4223797023296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4130909740924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38593119382858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36510932445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.283642441034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2745091915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.06952759623527527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7207260131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7062333822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6806823015213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6499555706977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.5411315560340881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5191106796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5015549659729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76862118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105671","display_name":"Coding gain","level":3,"score":0.42670392990112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.4244779348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.42304688692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6832461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167914","display_name":"Cooperative diversity","level":4,"score":0.4223797023296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4130909740924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38593119382858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36510932445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.283642441034317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2745091915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.06952759623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2743699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3081374131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14226616","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334890","funder_display_name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4978513647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6956398781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G782231657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014ZT05G157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333334","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333334","display_name":"Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334890","display_name":"University Research Committee, University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W628021441","https://openalex.org/W800376393","https://openalex.org/W1486984033","https://openalex.org/W1976699297","https://openalex.org/W1980310952","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2023808435","https://openalex.org/W2041869209","https://openalex.org/W2042603191","https://openalex.org/W2064755413","https://openalex.org/W2064823359","https://openalex.org/W2069794613","https://openalex.org/W2077428818","https://openalex.org/W2089152372","https://openalex.org/W2091144574","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2102934991","https://openalex.org/W2112733919","https://openalex.org/W2119604283","https://openalex.org/W2121348548","https://openalex.org/W2121578930","https://openalex.org/W2129172904","https://openalex.org/W2135168176","https://openalex.org/W2136923821","https://openalex.org/W2143884373","https://openalex.org/W2145018027","https://openalex.org/W2145630771","https://openalex.org/W2148963518","https://openalex.org/W2149314628","https://openalex.org/W2152121970","https://openalex.org/W2171327552","https://openalex.org/W2215747114","https://openalex.org/W2294511912","https://openalex.org/W2333580233","https://openalex.org/W2351286488","https://openalex.org/W2406736142","https://openalex.org/W2489290101","https://openalex.org/W2520029319","https://openalex.org/W2525515614","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W3100777080","https://openalex.org/W3101018627","https://openalex.org/W3101386413","https://openalex.org/W4256264271","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629094977","https://openalex.org/W7017147861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028647421","https://openalex.org/W1931268314","https://openalex.org/W963198203","https://openalex.org/W2110119741","https://openalex.org/W2962798278","https://openalex.org/W2165421096","https://openalex.org/W3144710960","https://openalex.org/W2155558773","https://openalex.org/W1543643734","https://openalex.org/W2125445053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,152],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"protograph":[3,118],"low-density":[4],"paritycheck":[5],"coded":[6],"cooperation":[7],"(CC)":[8],"schemes":[9,29],"for":[10,160],"two-hop":[11],"multi-relay":[12,60,149],"systems":[13],"with":[14,33,68,84,94,165],"L":[15,69],"relays":[16],"over":[17],"Nakagami-m":[18],"quasi-static":[19],"fading":[20],"(QSF)":[21],"channels.":[22,62],"We":[23,43],"propose":[24],"two":[25,85],"CC":[26,150],"schemes,":[27],"namely":[28],"I":[30],"and":[31,80,107,136],"II,":[32],"different":[34,40],"maximum":[35],"code":[36],"rates":[37],"to":[38,54,126],"satisfy":[39],"transmission":[41],"requirements.":[42],"further":[44],"design":[45],"a":[46,95,116],"family":[47],"of":[48,111,131],"distributed":[49],"rate-compatible":[50],"root-protograph":[51],"(RCRP)":[52],"codes":[53,67,83,114,142],"achieve":[55,88,144],"full":[56,75,89],"diversity":[57,76,90],"in":[58,77,91,147],"CC-based":[59],"QSF":[61],"In":[63,98],"particular,":[64],"our":[65,81,112,140],"RCRP":[66,82,113,141,155],"+":[70],"1":[71],"sub-codewords":[72,86],"can":[73,87,143],"realize":[74],"scheme":[78,92],"I,":[79],"II":[93],"maximum-ratio":[96],"combiner.":[97],"addition,":[99],"we":[100],"estimate":[101],"the":[102,128,154],"asymptotic":[103],"word":[104],"error":[105,109,129],"rate":[106,110],"bit":[108],"using":[115],"generalized":[117],"extrinsic":[119],"information":[120],"transfer":[121],"algorithm,":[122],"which":[123],"is":[124],"able":[125],"characterize":[127],"performance":[130,146],"finite-length":[132],"codewords":[133],"accurately.":[134],"Analysis":[135],"simulation":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"outage-limit-approaching":[145],"both":[148],"architectures.":[151],"makes":[153],"coding":[156],"framework":[157],"extremely":[158],"attractive":[159],"multirelay":[161],"cooperative":[162],"communication":[163],"applications":[164],"slow-varying":[166],"fading.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}