{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2741318886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","title":"A Generic Simulation Approach for the Fast and Accurate Estimation of the Outage Probability of Single Hop and Multihop FSO Links Subject to Generalized Pointing Errors","display_name":"A Generic Simulation Approach for the Fast and Accurate Estimation of the Outage Probability of Single Hop and Multihop FSO Links Subject to Generalized Pointing Errors","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2741318886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","mag":"2741318886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011406516","display_name":"Chaouki Ben Issaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-8168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["QA","SA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaouki Ben Issaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the","Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766772","display_name":"Ki\u2010Hong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-4277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["QA","SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Hong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the","Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["QA","SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"degree in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1998","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, then in the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011406516"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":59.9175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99660516,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"6822","last_page":"6837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7365451455116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7299944758415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.603385329246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4799078404903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.4723946750164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.4698713421821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.4491561949253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-distribution","display_name":"Exponential distribution","score":0.43151751160621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.385154664516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3712989091873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.2699664235115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18803316354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18297889828681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16935423016548157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7365451455116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7299944758415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.603385329246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4799078404903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.4723946750164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4698713421821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.4491561949253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55350006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237193","display_name":"Exponential distribution","level":2,"score":0.43151751160621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.385154664516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3712989091873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2699664235115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18803316354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18297889828681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16935423016548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2731947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/625284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/625284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5385147","https://openalex.org/W351274383","https://openalex.org/W571270299","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W880593579","https://openalex.org/W972130887","https://openalex.org/W1485836762","https://openalex.org/W1488441684","https://openalex.org/W1491247725","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1580003832","https://openalex.org/W1589761358","https://openalex.org/W1591908834","https://openalex.org/W1602773783","https://openalex.org/W1795340666","https://openalex.org/W1911590525","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W1973323421","https://openalex.org/W1987058923","https://openalex.org/W1994577190","https://openalex.org/W2023280903","https://openalex.org/W2024665095","https://openalex.org/W2031003059","https://openalex.org/W2049361783","https://openalex.org/W2054365772","https://openalex.org/W2055224267","https://openalex.org/W2084093873","https://openalex.org/W2097480037","https://openalex.org/W2100181015","https://openalex.org/W2109815475","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2131034613","https://openalex.org/W2141138347","https://openalex.org/W2141288533","https://openalex.org/W2144952267","https://openalex.org/W2145835695","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2208627816","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2263466419","https://openalex.org/W2331747324","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2550037503","https://openalex.org/W2585107091","https://openalex.org/W2605611181","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3009870883","https://openalex.org/W3099127973","https://openalex.org/W3123545179","https://openalex.org/W4254695622","https://openalex.org/W4301521499","https://openalex.org/W6623842810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112102365","https://openalex.org/W2024839890","https://openalex.org/W2074196217","https://openalex.org/W2034210042","https://openalex.org/W3172910282","https://openalex.org/W1671615575","https://openalex.org/W2015524032","https://openalex.org/W35214185","https://openalex.org/W34706195","https://openalex.org/W284719606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"assessing":[1],"the":[2,5,12,22,51,73,88,104,107],"performance":[3],"of":[4,24,67,76,109],"free":[6],"space":[7],"optical":[8],"(FSO)":[9],"communication":[10,78],"systems,":[11,79],"outage":[13,74],"probability":[14,75],"encountered":[15],"is":[16,48],"generally":[17],"very":[18],"small,":[19],"and":[20,58,70,94,106],"thereby":[21],"use":[23],"nave":[25],"Monte":[26,115],"Carlo":[27],"simulations":[28,99],"becomes":[29],"prohibitively":[30],"expensive.":[31],"To":[32],"estimate":[33],"these":[34],"rare":[35],"event":[36],"probabilities,":[37],"we":[38,63,71],"propose":[39],"in":[40],"this":[41],"paper":[42],"an":[43],"importance":[44],"sampling":[45],"approach":[46,111],"which":[47],"based":[49,86],"on":[50,87],"exponential":[52],"twisting":[53],"technique":[54],"to":[55,102],"offer":[56],"fast":[57],"accurate":[59],"results.":[60],"In":[61],"fact,":[62],"consider":[64],"a":[65,81],"variety":[66],"turbulence":[68],"regimes,":[69],"investigate":[72],"FSO":[77],"under":[80],"generalized":[82],"pointing":[83],"error":[84],"model":[85],"Beckmann":[89],"distribution,":[90],"for":[91],"both":[92],"single":[93],"multihop":[95],"scenarios.":[96],"Selected":[97],"numerical":[98],"are":[100],"presented":[101],"show":[103],"accuracy":[105],"efficiency":[108],"our":[110],"compared":[112],"with":[113],"naive":[114],"Carlo.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}