{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2549295457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","title":"The Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model: Statistical Characterization and Performance Analysis","display_name":"The Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Model: Statistical Characterization and Performance Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2549295457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","mag":"2549295457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05063","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Juan M. Romero-Jerez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7844-4574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Romero-Jerez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departmento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7844-4574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departmento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"F. Javier Lopez-Martinez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Javier Lopez-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departmento de Ingenier\u00eda de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech., M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departmento de Ingenier\u00eda de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech., M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jose F. Paris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose F. Paris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departmento de Ingenier\u00eda de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech., M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departmento de Ingenier\u00eda de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2013Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andaluc\u00eda Tech., M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrea J. Goldsmith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea J. Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97254068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"4420","last_page":"4432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.6917999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.6917999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.14970000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.03009999915957451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.9689000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.9003999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading-distribution","display_name":"Fading distribution","score":0.7835999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weibull-fading","display_name":"Weibull fading","score":0.7389000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.677299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3440999984741211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.9689000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.9003999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161126049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5429266","display_name":"Fading distribution","level":5,"score":0.7835999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64834810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979802","display_name":"Weibull fading","level":5,"score":0.7389000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.677299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1975866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171448","display_name":"Level crossing","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2698445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1611.05063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.05063","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1611.05063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.05063","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1576812899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2013-44442-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4076483957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2011-TIC-7109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5578042161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2011-TIC-8238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8805370389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2013-42711-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8970584408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2014-57901-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321562","display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/03kak1729"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W826937738","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1699531664","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2005718371","https://openalex.org/W2024267771","https://openalex.org/W2046010102","https://openalex.org/W2067326326","https://openalex.org/W2077444729","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2116396809","https://openalex.org/W2132111234","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2156301368","https://openalex.org/W2158714612","https://openalex.org/W2268295991","https://openalex.org/W2285342821","https://openalex.org/W2339848418","https://openalex.org/W2586924836","https://openalex.org/W2962993622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3020852241","https://openalex.org/W2138470779","https://openalex.org/W1954303908","https://openalex.org/W2003797678","https://openalex.org/W2349544145","https://openalex.org/W2371447506","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W2057623054","https://openalex.org/W2543780790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,89,124],"introduce":[1],"the":[2,32,36,58,62,67,96,127,151,165,170,174,177,183,199],"fluctuating":[3,17],"two-ray":[4],"(FTR)":[5],"fading":[6,42,69,87,129,138,142,159,179],"model,":[7,60],"a":[8,24,53,80,103,112,132],"new":[9],"statistical":[10],"channel":[11],"model":[12,29,70,130,180],"that":[13,126],"consists":[14],"of":[15,35,66,102,106,115,122,153,164],"two":[16,48],"specular":[18,49],"components":[19,50],"with":[20,38],"random":[21,54],"phases":[22],"plus":[23],"diffuse":[25,39],"component.":[26],"The":[27],"FTR":[28,68,128,158,178],"arises":[30],"as":[31],"natural":[33],"generalization":[34,45],"two-wave":[37],"power":[40],"(TWDP)":[41],"model;":[43],"this":[44],"allows":[46],"its":[47],"to":[51,84,118,197],"exhibit":[52],"amplitude":[55],"fluctuation.":[56],"Unlike":[57],"TWDP":[59],"all":[61],"chief":[63],"probability":[64],"functions":[65],"(PDF,":[71],"CDF,":[72],"and":[73,98,169,173,182],"MGF)":[74],"are":[75],"expressed":[76],"in":[77,100,144,162,195],"closed-form,":[78],"having":[79],"functional":[81],"form":[82],"similar":[83],"other":[85],"state-of-the-art":[86],"models.":[88],"also":[90],"provide":[91],"approximate":[92],"closed-form":[93],"expressions":[94],"for":[95,111,139],"PDF":[97],"CDF":[99],"terms":[101,163],"finite":[104],"number":[105],"elementary":[107],"functions,":[108],"which":[109],"allow":[110],"simple":[113],"evaluation":[114],"these":[116],"statistics":[117],"an":[119],"arbitrary":[120],"level":[121],"precision.":[123],"show":[125],"provides":[131],"much":[133],"better":[134],"fit":[135],"than":[136],"Rician":[137],"recent":[140],"small-scale":[141],"measurements":[143],"28":[145],"GHz":[146],"outdoor":[147],"mm-wave":[148],"channels.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"performance":[152,185],"wireless":[154],"communication":[155],"systems":[156],"over":[157],"is":[160,186],"evaluated":[161],"bit":[166],"error":[167],"rate":[168],"outage":[171],"capacity,":[172],"interplay":[175],"between":[176],"parameters":[181],"system":[184],"discussed.":[187],"Monte":[188],"Carlo":[189],"simulations":[190],"have":[191],"been":[192],"carried":[193],"out":[194],"order":[196],"validate":[198],"obtained":[200],"theoretical":[201],"expressions.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}