{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2601905653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","title":"Millimeter-Wave Beam Training Acceleration Through Low-Complexity Hybrid Transceivers","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Beam Training Acceleration Through Low-Complexity Hybrid Transceivers","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2601905653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","mag":"2601905653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2637754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036091683","display_name":"Danilo De Donno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-9084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo De Donno","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-9084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091154269","display_name":"Joan Palacios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-7149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Palacios","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064963698","display_name":"Joerg Widmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-8779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Widmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95887484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"3646","last_page":"3660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7524815797805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122824192047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5077796578407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.4843936562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4417894184589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.42870375514030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.42258724570274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.42112261056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.41716527938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33593887090682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3347877860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21848741173744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18067839741706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12858429551124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12280741333961487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7524815797805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122824192047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5077796578407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.4843936562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4417894184589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42870375514030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.42258724570274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.42112261056900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.41716527938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33593887090682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3347877860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21848741173744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18067839741706848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12858429551124573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12280741333961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2686402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2637754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2637754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16(6) 3646 - 3660","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3501833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3501833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2637754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2637754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16(6) 3646 - 3660","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3882898254","display_name":"Millimetre-Wave Based Mobile Radio Access Network for Fifth Generation Integrated Communications","funder_award_id":"671650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5069574579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERC CoG 617721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192788926","https://openalex.org/W779733492","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W1490897561","https://openalex.org/W1546718391","https://openalex.org/W1561346312","https://openalex.org/W1586395257","https://openalex.org/W1925759446","https://openalex.org/W1977072806","https://openalex.org/W1980231160","https://openalex.org/W1981661761","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1998267929","https://openalex.org/W2045041000","https://openalex.org/W2045230329","https://openalex.org/W2049791297","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2125790209","https://openalex.org/W2155922905","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2288898887","https://openalex.org/W2297541993","https://openalex.org/W2414413313","https://openalex.org/W2492343844","https://openalex.org/W2539603415","https://openalex.org/W2612165051","https://openalex.org/W6607875701","https://openalex.org/W6728931052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965454646","https://openalex.org/W2117393648","https://openalex.org/W4391345524","https://openalex.org/W2000500168","https://openalex.org/W4318350280","https://openalex.org/W2085753518","https://openalex.org/W2917896244","https://openalex.org/W2153353843","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W4286695888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(mm-wave)":[1],"communication":[2,131],"systems":[3,11],"can":[4,189],"provide":[5,190],"much":[6],"higher":[7],"data":[8,130],"rates":[9,19],"than":[10,242],"operating":[12],"at":[13,28],"lower":[14,171,241],"frequencies,":[15],"but":[16],"achieving":[17],"such":[18,180],"over":[20,132],"sufficiently":[21],"large":[22],"distances":[23],"requires":[24,170],"highly":[25],"directional":[26],"beamforming":[27,77,167],"both":[29],"the":[30,64,72,92,116,143,176,210,215,219,223,229,245],"transmitter":[31],"and":[32,95,110,197,222],"receiver.":[33],"These":[34,121],"antenna":[35,156,182],"beams":[36],"have":[37],"to":[38,45,79,102,154,160,192,239],"be":[39],"aligned":[40],"very":[41,158],"precisely":[42],"in":[43,135],"order":[44],"obtain":[46],"sufficient":[47],"link":[48,65],"margin.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,86],"first":[54],"propose":[55],"a":[56,97,164,235],"parallel-adaptive":[57],"beam":[58,105,118,144,186,211,247],"training":[59,119,187,212,236],"protocol,":[60],"which":[61],"significantly":[62],"accelerates":[63],"establishment":[66],"between":[67,218],"mm-wave":[68,93],"devices":[69],"by":[70,115,163],"exploiting":[71],"ability":[73],"of":[74,91,209,244],"hybrid":[75],"analog-digital":[76],"antennas":[78],"scan":[80],"multiple":[81,133],"spatial":[82],"sectors":[83],"simultaneously.":[84],"Second,":[85],"deal":[87],"with":[88,175,203,234],"practical":[89],"constraints":[90],"transceivers":[94],"design":[96],"novel":[98],"greedy":[99],"geometric":[100],"algorithm":[101,151],"synthesize":[103],"sector":[104],"patterns":[106,123,157],"featuring":[107],"configurable":[108],"beamwidth":[109],"multi-beam":[111,122,181],"radiation":[112],"as":[113],"required":[114],"proposed":[117],"protocol.":[120],"are":[124,140],"then":[125],"also":[126],"used":[127],"for":[128],"concurrent":[129],"paths,":[134],"case":[136],"several":[137],"suitable":[138],"directions":[139],"found":[141],"during":[142],"training.":[145,248],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149,228,243],"our":[150,184],"is":[152,232],"able":[153],"shape":[155],"close":[159],"those":[161],"attained":[162],"fully":[165],"digital":[166],"architecture,":[168],"yet":[169],"complexity":[172],"hardware":[173],"compared":[174,202],"state-of-the-art":[177],"solutions.":[178],"Exploiting":[179],"patterns,":[183],"parallel":[185],"protocol":[188],"up":[191],"82%":[193],"effective":[194],"rate":[195],"increase":[196],"70%":[198],"search":[199,220],"time":[200],"decrease":[201],"existing":[204],"sequential":[205,246],"protocols.":[206],"The":[207],"acceleration":[208],"phase":[213],"shifts":[214],"optimum":[216],"balance":[217],"overhead":[221],"achieved":[224],"directivity":[225],"gain":[226],"so":[227],"best":[230],"performance":[231],"reached":[233],"load":[237],"30%":[238],"60%":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}