{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2517647619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","title":"Energy-Efficient Multi-Stream Carrier Aggregation for Heterogeneous Networks in 5G Wireless Systems","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Multi-Stream Carrier Aggregation for Heterogeneous Networks in 5G Wireless Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2517647619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","mag":"2517647619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009647145","display_name":"Elias Chavarria-Reyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-0773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elias Chavarria-Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044396726","display_name":"Ian F. Akyildiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-3529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian F. Akyildiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059038212","display_name":"Etimad Fadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-9474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Etimad Fadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009647145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92168017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"7432","last_page":"7443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.707551896572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6936008334159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6765656471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6298088431358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisection-method","display_name":"Bisection method","score":0.6096712350845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.5083350539207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5026915073394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.488706111907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.4805513024330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.4791012108325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4776146113872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4755525290966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44942259788513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3528933823108673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.25072139501571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20022043585777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1472611427307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13150709867477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06905019283294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06811916828155518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.707551896572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6936008334159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6765656471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6298088431358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157544257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866300","display_name":"Bisection method","level":2,"score":0.6096712350845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.5083350539207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5026915073394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.488706111907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.4805513024330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.4791012108325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4776146113872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4755525290966034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44942259788513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3528933823108673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.25072139501571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20022043585777283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1472611427307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13150709867477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06905019283294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06811916828155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2602336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974564856","https://openalex.org/W1975825471","https://openalex.org/W1976817824","https://openalex.org/W1977768055","https://openalex.org/W1979367954","https://openalex.org/W1985758540","https://openalex.org/W1986966935","https://openalex.org/W1995248971","https://openalex.org/W1997144258","https://openalex.org/W1998520172","https://openalex.org/W2010630450","https://openalex.org/W2012468613","https://openalex.org/W2020081405","https://openalex.org/W2045857199","https://openalex.org/W2049101885","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2060821751","https://openalex.org/W2061023771","https://openalex.org/W2064029723","https://openalex.org/W2067630960","https://openalex.org/W2077793016","https://openalex.org/W2088717366","https://openalex.org/W2101653184","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2108068819","https://openalex.org/W2110519532","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2114863116","https://openalex.org/W2127967588","https://openalex.org/W2130856608","https://openalex.org/W2132712787","https://openalex.org/W2135836520","https://openalex.org/W2141538767","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2151300511","https://openalex.org/W2156077514","https://openalex.org/W2158780389","https://openalex.org/W2170495825","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6645220535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900864464","https://openalex.org/W1990395098","https://openalex.org/W3008369411","https://openalex.org/W2587632878","https://openalex.org/W4296019323","https://openalex.org/W2766859391","https://openalex.org/W1484170580","https://openalex.org/W4381746902","https://openalex.org/W2100627728","https://openalex.org/W2517647619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-stream":[0],"carrier":[1],"aggregation":[2],"(MSCA)":[3],"has":[4,153],"been":[5],"recently":[6],"proposed":[7,175],"as":[8],"a":[9,61,80,114,154,160,190],"mechanism":[10],"to":[11,18,55,76,95,167,178],"increase":[12],"the":[13,35,42,46,51,57,69,77,97,108,117,150,169,180,183],"amount":[14],"of":[15,45,53,68,79,173],"bandwidth":[16],"available":[17],"users":[19],"for":[20,90],"heterogeneous":[21],"networks":[22],"(HetNets)":[23],"in":[24,60,113,132,189,193],"5G":[25,194],"wireless":[26],"systems.":[27],"Previous":[28],"studies":[29],"have":[30],"focused":[31],"only":[32],"on":[33],"maximizing":[34],"network":[36],"capacity":[37,121,187],"and":[38,101,120,128,144,158,177,186],"fairness,":[39],"without":[40],"considering":[41],"energy":[43,58,70,91,98,118,151,171,184],"efficiency":[44],"MSCA.":[47,198],"In":[48],"this":[49,84,133],"paper,":[50],"use":[52],"MSCA":[54],"minimize":[56],"consumption":[59],"multi-layer":[62,191],"HetNet":[63,192],"is":[64,73,93,126,165],"studied.":[65],"The":[66,135],"convexity":[67],"minimization":[71,92,99,119,152,185],"problem":[72,100],"examined,":[74],"leading":[75],"need":[78],"quasi-convex":[81,155],"relaxation.":[82],"With":[83],"approximation,":[85],"an":[86,103],"algorithm":[87,176],"bisection":[88],"method":[89],"designed":[94],"solve":[96],"obtains":[102],"optimum":[104],"cell-association":[105],"policy.":[106],"Since":[107],"operators":[109],"are":[110],"generally":[111],"interested":[112],"balance":[115],"between":[116,182],"maximization,":[122],"such":[123],"multi-objective":[124],"optimization":[125],"needed,":[127],"we":[129],"studied":[130],"it":[131],"paper.":[134],"two":[136],"aforementioned":[137],"conflicting":[138],"objectives":[139],"can":[140],"be":[141],"jointly":[142],"analyzed":[143],"solved":[145],"through":[146],"scalarization,":[147],"even":[148],"though":[149],"objective":[156],"function,":[157],"not":[159],"convex":[161],"one.":[162],"Performance":[163],"evaluation":[164],"provided":[166],"identify":[168],"achievable":[170],"savings":[172],"our":[174],"characterize":[179],"tradeoffs":[181],"maximization":[188],"systems":[195],"that":[196],"support":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}