{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1497242370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","title":"Toward a Tractable Analysis of Localization Fundamentals in Cellular Networks","display_name":"Toward a Tractable Analysis of Localization Fundamentals in Cellular Networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1497242370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","mag":"1497242370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044841032","display_name":"Javier Schloemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948394018","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Schloemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman Corporation, Raleigh, NC, USA","Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman Corporation, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064063671","display_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpreet S. Dhillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052487611","display_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-1154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Michael Buehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless@VT, Department of ECE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044841032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96687921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1768","last_page":"1782"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7245306372642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7160650491714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.6485385298728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.6277480125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6192806363105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.6081932187080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.552028477191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5519208908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.48206549882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4711880683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4544631838798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.45216596126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4517098367214203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.44687420129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.43688127398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42383432388305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.4065646827220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.39445605874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3610628843307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23114120960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.19998791813850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19550630450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1949755847454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1456020474433899}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7245306372642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7160650491714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.6485385298728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.6277480125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6192806363105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.6081932187080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.552028477191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5519208908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.48206549882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4711880683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4544631838798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.45216596126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4517098367214203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.44687420129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.43688127398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42383432388305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.4065646827220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39445605874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3610628843307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23114120960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.19998791813850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19550630450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1949755847454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1456020474433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2496273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W432844638","https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W1537150979","https://openalex.org/W1575948220","https://openalex.org/W1805951207","https://openalex.org/W1968228600","https://openalex.org/W1969782157","https://openalex.org/W1986987554","https://openalex.org/W1999037997","https://openalex.org/W2003146915","https://openalex.org/W2006083173","https://openalex.org/W2020744268","https://openalex.org/W2049496443","https://openalex.org/W2057540419","https://openalex.org/W2062455470","https://openalex.org/W2081450055","https://openalex.org/W2083668462","https://openalex.org/W2102413189","https://openalex.org/W2104264645","https://openalex.org/W2115094114","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2122824225","https://openalex.org/W2124216931","https://openalex.org/W2130556364","https://openalex.org/W2130959131","https://openalex.org/W2148840132","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2155436284","https://openalex.org/W2160687055","https://openalex.org/W2161101713","https://openalex.org/W2163614698","https://openalex.org/W2963041424","https://openalex.org/W2963043645","https://openalex.org/W3098676606","https://openalex.org/W3105072513","https://openalex.org/W4213004184","https://openalex.org/W6638576071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949860582","https://openalex.org/W1605884181","https://openalex.org/W1985655499","https://openalex.org/W2406192116","https://openalex.org/W1674302630","https://openalex.org/W1573068833","https://openalex.org/W2947805744","https://openalex.org/W2314349990","https://openalex.org/W4389820878","https://openalex.org/W1500167156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"dedicated":[1],"positioning":[2],"systems,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5,166],"GPS,":[6],"are":[7,90],"unavailable,":[8],"a":[9,46,150,161,167,208],"mobile":[10,40],"device":[11,41],"has":[12,138],"no":[13],"choice":[14,83],"but":[15],"to":[16,26,33,44,96,104,106,134,178,203,212,226,243,250,255],"fall":[17],"back":[18],"on":[19,190],"its":[20,34],"cellular":[21],"network":[22,209],"for":[23,54,182],"localization.":[24,55],"Due":[25],"random":[27],"variations":[28],"in":[29,84,143,261,275],"the":[30,39,63,72,81,85,91,97,157,191,227,256,262,276,281],"channel":[31],"conditions":[32],"surrounding":[35],"base":[36],"stations":[37],"(BS),":[38],"is":[42,102,132,201,224],"likely":[43,103],"face":[45],"mix":[47],"of":[48,58,109,193,198,258,264],"both":[49,269],"favorable":[50,76],"and":[51,75,137,172,272,279],"unfavorable":[52],"geometries":[53,77],"Analytical":[56],"studies":[57],"localization":[59,111,114,215,228],"performance":[60,115,184,216,283],"(e.g.,":[61,217,230],"using":[62],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[64],"lower":[65],"bound)":[66],"usually":[67],"require":[68],"that":[69],"one":[70],"fix":[71],"BS":[73,158,245,270],"geometry,":[74,99],"have":[78],"always":[79],"been":[80,139],"preferred":[82],"literature.":[86],"However,":[87],"not":[88],"only":[89,142],"resulting":[92,282],"analytical":[93],"results":[94],"constrained":[95],"selected":[98],"this":[100,146],"practice":[101],"lead":[105,242],"overly-optimistic":[107],"expectations":[108],"typical":[110],"performance.":[112],"Ideally,":[113],"should":[116],"be":[117,135,204],"studied":[118],"across":[119],"all":[120],"possible":[121],"geometric":[122],"setups,":[123],"thereby":[124],"also":[125],"removing":[126],"any":[127],"selection":[128],"bias.":[129],"This,":[130],"however,":[131],"known":[133],"hard":[136],"carried":[140],"out":[141],"simulation.":[144],"In":[145,186,248],"paper,":[147],"we":[148,155,188,267],"develop":[149],"new":[151],"tractable":[152],"approach":[153],"where":[154],"endow":[156],"locations":[159],"with":[160,207],"distribution":[162],"by":[163],"modeling":[164],"them":[165],"Poisson":[168],"point":[169],"process":[170],"(PPP),":[171],"use":[173],"tools":[174],"from":[175],"stochastic":[176],"geometry":[177],"obtain":[179,213],"easy-to-use":[180],"expressions":[181],"key":[183],"metrics.":[185],"particular,":[187],"focus":[189],"probability":[192],"detecting":[194],"some":[195],"minimum":[196],"number":[197],"BSs,":[199,266],"which":[200],"shown":[202],"closely":[205],"coupled":[206],"operator's":[210],"ability":[211],"satisfactory":[214],"meet":[218],"FCC":[219],"E911":[220],"requirements).":[221],"This":[222],"metric":[223],"indifferent":[225],"technique":[229],"TOA,":[231],"TDOA,":[232],"AOA,":[233],"or":[234],"hybrids":[235],"thereof),":[236],"though":[237],"different":[238,244],"techniques":[239],"will":[240],"presumably":[241],"hearability":[246],"requirements.":[247],"order":[249],"mitigate":[251],"excessive":[252],"interference":[253],"due":[254],"presence":[257],"dominant":[259],"interferers":[260],"form":[263],"other":[265],"incorporate":[268],"coordination":[271],"frequency":[273],"reuse":[274],"proposed":[277],"framework":[278],"quantify":[280],"gains":[284],"analytically.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
