{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296143655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","title":"Closed-Form Localization for Distributed MIMO Radar Systems Using Time Delay Measurements","display_name":"Closed-Form Localization for Distributed MIMO Radar Systems Using Time Delay Measurements","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296143655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","mag":"2296143655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023394161","display_name":"Chee\u2010Hyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee-Hyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002418613","display_name":"Joon\u2010Hyuk Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2610-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon-Hyuk Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":137.962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99854987,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7855138778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6981630325317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6680153608322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6620783805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.618187665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.5712703466415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.568995475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5340021848678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4754899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.47514939308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.37260884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.32649242877960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29719817638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2388557493686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21626117825508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1615510880947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11286002397537231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7855138778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6981630325317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6680153608322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6620783805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.618187665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5712703466415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.568995475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5340021848678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4754899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.47514939308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.37260884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.32649242877960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29719817638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2388557493686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21626117825508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1615510880947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11286002397537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2015.2490677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79595587","https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1615912037","https://openalex.org/W1923730267","https://openalex.org/W1966718424","https://openalex.org/W1979160221","https://openalex.org/W1985936705","https://openalex.org/W2000317822","https://openalex.org/W2016367367","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2029349326","https://openalex.org/W2075001236","https://openalex.org/W2083199329","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2089701475","https://openalex.org/W2097736984","https://openalex.org/W2098249016","https://openalex.org/W2100758588","https://openalex.org/W2104264645","https://openalex.org/W2105332753","https://openalex.org/W2116965969","https://openalex.org/W2118407071","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2124219047","https://openalex.org/W2125117356","https://openalex.org/W2133353795","https://openalex.org/W2135915867","https://openalex.org/W2137382789","https://openalex.org/W2138930337","https://openalex.org/W2141218268","https://openalex.org/W2148658029","https://openalex.org/W2150151472","https://openalex.org/W2152003238","https://openalex.org/W2152079373","https://openalex.org/W2170191660","https://openalex.org/W2170383259","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2536817385","https://openalex.org/W3000793462","https://openalex.org/W4253064820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076213752","https://openalex.org/W2066348132","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2612484128","https://openalex.org/W2169354510","https://openalex.org/W2612716334","https://openalex.org/W3107185102","https://openalex.org/W2119198198","https://openalex.org/W163027446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"two":[3,50],"closed-form":[4,113],"localization":[5],"algorithms,":[6],"a":[7,11],"general":[8,70,99],"algorithm":[9,118],"and":[10,66,72,83,100,119],"colocated":[12,91,101],"algorithm,":[13],"for":[14,52],"distributed":[15,22],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"(MIMO)":[18],"radar":[19,24],"systems.":[20],"In":[21],"MIMO":[23],"systems,":[25],"range":[26,39],"sum":[27,40],"measurements":[28],"are":[29],"used":[30],"to":[31,46,105],"estimate":[32,62],"the":[33,38,60,64,67,73,77,81,84,87,98,111,121],"location":[34],"parameter.":[35],"For":[36],"this,":[37],"error":[41],"minimization":[42],"is":[43,103],"actually":[44],"employed":[45],"be":[47],"degenerated":[48],"into":[49],"cases":[51],"time-of-arrival":[53],"(TOA)":[54],"passive":[55],"localization,":[56],"one":[57],"by":[58,75],"employing":[59],"distance":[61,78],"between":[63,80],"target":[65,82],"receiver":[68],"(the":[69,90],"algorithm)":[71],"other":[74],"subtracting":[76],"measurement":[79],"transmitter":[85],"after":[86],"time-delay":[88],"estimation":[89],"algorithm).":[92],"The":[93],"resulting":[94],"positioning":[95],"accuracy":[96],"of":[97,110],"techniques":[102],"found":[104],"perform":[106],"better":[107],"than":[108],"that":[109],"existing":[112],"weighted":[114],"least":[115],"squares":[116],"(WLS)":[117],"attain":[120],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[122],"lower":[123],"bound":[124],"(CRLB).":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}