{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127193460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291","title":"Age of Correct Sensing in Sensing-and-Then-Transmit ISAC Networks","display_name":"Age of Correct Sensing in Sensing-and-Then-Transmit ISAC Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127193460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/235442/1/TVT_final_version_author.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020945459","display_name":"Yiyang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-5363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124868657","display_name":"Ke Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-0207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology for High Speed Railway, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124865481","display_name":"Wenjuan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-7663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124826619","display_name":"Qiang Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications and Data Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124871673","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-1448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121263245","display_name":"Pingyi Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124122998","display_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08126599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"7","first_page":"15416","last_page":"15420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4431999921798706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.545199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2026.3660291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:235442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/235442/1/TVT_final_version_author.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/235442/1/TVT_final_version_author.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-169812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-169812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:235442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/235442/1/TVT_final_version_author.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/235442/1/TVT_final_version_author.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3695833465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956012968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L234084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G894743014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127193460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127193460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,25,29,35,38,54,67,80,84,89,96,105,108,123,133,140,156,167,177,184,205,208],"sensing-and-then-transmit":[4],"(SAT)":[5],"integrated":[6],"sensing":[7,75,128,211],"and":[8,22,76,95,129,162,164,212],"communication":[9,99,130,213],"(ISAC)":[10],"network,":[11],"where":[12,66],"a":[13,43,59,148],"multi-functional":[14],"base":[15],"station":[16],"(MBS)":[17],"senses":[18],"target's":[20],"state":[21],"then":[23],"transmits":[24,70],"sensed":[26],"results":[27,154],"to":[28,73,131],"receiving":[30],"node":[31],"(RN).":[32],"To":[33,52],"measure":[34],"timeliness":[36],"of":[37,48,83,86,91,98,107,137,169,202,207],"SAT":[39,61,187],"process,":[40],"we":[41,57,114],"define":[42],"novel":[44],"metric":[45],"called":[46],"Age":[47],"Correct":[49],"Sensing":[50],"(AoCS).":[51],"enhance":[53],"system's":[55],"AoCS,":[56],"propose":[58],"pipelined":[60,210],"ISAC":[62,110,188,194],"(P-SAT":[63],"ISAC)":[64],"paradigm,":[65],"MBS":[68],"simultaneously":[69],"individual":[71],"beams":[72],"perform":[74],"communication.":[77],"We":[78],"derive":[79],"mathematical":[81],"expression":[82],"probability":[85,90,97],"detection":[87],"(PD),":[88],"false":[92],"alarm":[93],"(PFA),":[94],"outage":[100],"(PCO),":[101],"based":[102,151],"on":[103,159,172],"which,":[104],"AoCS":[106,118,143,201],"P-SAT":[109,193],"is":[111,144],"quantified.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"formulate":[115],"an":[116,196],"expected":[117,142,180,200],"minimization":[119],"problem":[120],"by":[121,146],"optimizing":[122],"power":[124],"splitting":[125],"factor":[126],"for":[127],"explore":[132],"achievable":[134,179],"lower":[135],"bound":[136],"AoCS.":[138,181],"Then,":[139],"minimum":[141,178],"found":[145],"developing":[147],"linear":[149],"search":[150],"algorithm.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"validate":[155],"theoretical":[157],"analysis":[158],"PD,":[160],"PFA,":[161],"PCO,":[163],"also":[165],"show":[166],"impact":[168],"system":[170,217],"parameters":[171],"them,":[173],"as":[174,176],"well":[175],"Compared":[182],"with":[183],"existing":[185],"alternating":[186],"(A-SAT":[189],"ISAC),":[190],"our":[191],"proposed":[192,209],"achieves":[195],"average":[197],"reduction":[198],"in":[199,215],"38.97%,":[203],"demonstrating":[204],"efficiency":[206],"paradigm":[214],"improving":[216],"timeliness.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}