{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117118039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959","title":"Latency-Aware Metaverse Rendering in Vehicular Edge Networks: A Secrecy-Oriented Resource Allocation Approach","display_name":"Latency-Aware Metaverse Rendering in Vehicular Edge Networks: A Secrecy-Oriented Resource Allocation Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117118039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111144564","display_name":"X. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9461-4311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121223677","display_name":"Minghui Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-5781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120953191","display_name":"Shan Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-2549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425191","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-5857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120918393","display_name":"Tianshun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-7472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029365003","display_name":"Jiaming Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-0511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121016914","display_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-6149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48117067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"11575","last_page":"11590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.8743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.8743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.37310001254081726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7871000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6424000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3647959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G527724067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7818017352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,14,23,33,79,137,156,187],"vehicular":[3,17,24,34,52,70],"networks":[4,25,53,72],"and":[5,43,92,110,148,189],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"technologies":[9],"has":[10],"driven":[11],"the":[12,20,30,37,48,76,89,101,106,115,133,138,142,154,157,173,179],"application":[13],"Metaverse":[15,57,66,102],"in":[16,51,69,97,114,185],"field.":[18],"However,":[19],"limited":[21],"resources":[22],"pose":[26],"significant":[27],"challenges":[28],"to":[29,56,131,171],"real-time":[31],"rendering":[32,67,86,135],"Metaverse,":[35],"with":[36],"core":[38],"bottleneck":[39],"being":[40],"high":[41],"computational":[42,190],"transmission":[44,116,149],"delays.":[45],"In":[46,59],"addition,":[47],"secrecy":[49],"communication":[50,122],"is":[54,129,163],"critical":[55],"rendering.":[58],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,118],"propose":[63],"a":[64,84,159],"latency-aware":[65],"scheme":[68,181],"edge":[71],"aimed":[73],"at":[74],"enhancing":[75],"users'":[77],"quality":[78],"experience":[80],"(QoE).":[81],"We":[82],"design":[83],"collaborative":[85],"architecture,":[87],"where":[88],"background":[90],"elements":[91],"foreground":[93],"objects":[94],"are":[95],"rendered":[96],"different":[98],"layers":[99],"by":[100],"provider":[103],"server":[104],"(MPS),":[105],"roadside":[107],"unit":[108],"(RSU),":[109],"local":[111],"terminals.":[112],"Meanwhile,":[113],"link,":[117],"have":[119],"taken":[120],"secure":[121],"into":[123,168],"consideration.":[124],"A":[125],"joint":[126],"optimization":[127],"problem":[128],"constructed":[130],"minimize":[132],"total":[134],"delay":[136],"system,":[139],"synchronously":[140],"optimizing":[141],"offloading":[143],"strategy,":[144,147],"confidentiality":[145],"interruption":[146],"latency":[150],"strategy.":[151],"To":[152],"address":[153],"non-convexity":[155],"problem,":[158],"hierarchical":[160],"solution":[161],"method":[162],"proposed,":[164],"which":[165],"converts":[166],"it":[167],"convex":[169],"subproblems":[170],"obtain":[172],"optimal":[174],"solutions.":[175],"Simulations":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"proposed":[180],"outperforms":[182],"traditional":[183],"schemes":[184],"terms":[186],"performance":[188],"efficiency.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}