{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417439161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954","title":"Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receivers for Multi-Target DOA Estimation","display_name":"Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receivers for Multi-Target DOA Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417439161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074411304","display_name":"Tierui Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tierui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-3448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111982645","display_name":"Chong Meng Samson See","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28490864","display_name":"DSO National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/03e05fb06","country_code":"SG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Meng Samson See","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSO National Laboratories, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSO National Laboratories, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056145687","display_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU 6G Research Center, Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU 6G Research Center, Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96253971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"11925","last_page":"11930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.23829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.23829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.1120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rydberg-formula","display_name":"Rydberg formula","score":0.6922000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rydberg-atom","display_name":"Rydberg atom","score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-sensor","display_name":"Quantum sensor","score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.36230000853538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70747811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661248","display_name":"Rydberg formula","level":4,"score":0.6922000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116225407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178236","display_name":"Rydberg atom","level":5,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779482579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072464","display_name":"Rydberg state","level":5,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3644954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:508570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3644954>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3421120399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"023780-00001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"sensing":[1,102],"technologies":[2],"have":[3,37],"experienced":[4],"rapid":[5],"progresses":[6],"since":[7],"entering":[8],"the":[9,51,55,64,67,96,108,111,116,124,130,150,169,178,186,203],"\u2018second":[10],"quantum":[11,34,82,153],"revolution\u2019.":[12],"Among":[13],"various":[14],"candidates,":[15],"schemes":[16],"relying":[17,156],"on":[18,30,157,185],"Rydberg":[19,32,80,151],"atoms":[20],"exhibit":[21,171],"compelling":[22],"advantages":[23,52],"for":[24,90],"detecting":[25],"radio":[26],"frequency":[27],"signals.":[28],"Based":[29],"this,":[31],"atomic":[33,81,152],"receivers":[35],"(RAQRs)":[36],"emerged":[38],"as":[39],"a":[40,79],"promising":[41],"solution":[42],"to":[43],"classical":[44,131,183],"wireless":[45,60,88],"communication":[46],"and":[47,53,94,195,205],"sensing.":[48],"To":[49,141],"harness":[50],"exploit":[54],"potential":[56],"of":[57,66,69,100,110,133,176,181,188],"RAQRs":[58],"in":[59,115,202],"sensing,":[61],"we":[62,76,148,161],"investigate":[63],"realization":[65],"direction":[68],"arrival":[70],"(DOA)":[71],"estimation":[72,126,179],"by":[73,128],"RAQRs.":[74],"Specifically,":[75],"first":[77],"conceive":[78],"uniform":[83],"linear":[84],"array":[85],"(RAQ-ULA)":[86],"aided":[87],"receiver":[89],"multi-target":[91],"DOA":[92,125],"detection":[93],"propose":[95,149],"corresponding":[97],"signal":[98],"model":[99,105],"this":[101,143],"system.":[103],"Our":[104],"reveals":[106],"that":[107,172],"presence":[109],"radio-frequency":[112],"local":[113],"oscillator":[114],"RAQ-ULA":[117],"creates":[118],"sensor":[119,144],"gain":[120,145],"mismatches,":[121],"which":[122],"degrade":[123],"significantly":[127],"employing":[129],"Estimation":[132],"Signal":[134],"Parameters":[135],"via":[136],"Rotational":[137],"Invariant":[138],"Techniques":[139],"(ESPRIT).":[140],"solve":[142],"mismatch":[146],"problem,":[147],"ESPRIT":[154],"(RAQ-ESPRIT)":[155],"our":[158,163],"model.":[159],"Lastly,":[160],"characterize":[162],"scheme":[164],"through":[165],"numerical":[166],"simulations,":[167],"where":[168],"results":[170],"it":[173],"is":[174],"capable":[175],"reducing":[177],"error":[180],"its":[182],"counterpart":[184],"order":[187],">":[189,196],"<inline-formula":[190,197],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[191,198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[192,199],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$400$</tex-math></inline-formula>-":[193],"fold":[194,201],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$9000$</tex-math></inline-formula>-":[200],"PSL":[204],"SQL,":[206],"respectively.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-12-17T00:00:00"}
