{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417169472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564","title":"Carbon-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Renewable-Energy Cellular Networks Based on the Exergy-Balance Theory","display_name":"Carbon-Aware Modeling and Optimization of Renewable-Energy Cellular Networks Based on the Exergy-Balance Theory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417169472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yisen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4667-7625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4667-7625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100523311","display_name":"Yuxi Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9848-0142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667719","display_name":"Yi Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-0988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-0988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057308968","display_name":"Xiaohu Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-5241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022207764","display_name":"Iztok Humar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iztok Humar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32942805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"11438","last_page":"11453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9217000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9217000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.866100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-communication","display_name":"Cellular communication","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.3488999903202057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.866100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30436405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210973","display_name":"Cellular communication","level":3,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5336999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133972139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058371","display_name":"Cellular traffic","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75235859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582659","display_name":"Exponential growth","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3641564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1596405129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7123918047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62120106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,12,16,22,44,65,72,80,86,93,101,114,133,140,147,157],"exponential":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,18,25,88],"transmission":[5],"traffic":[6,69],"in":[7,15,27,47,59,75,108],"mobile":[8],"communication":[9],"systems":[10],"and":[11,50,62,68,98,126,155],"continuous":[13],"increase":[14],"number":[17],"base":[19],"stations":[20],"(BSs),":[21],"energy":[23,34,67,149],"consumption":[24,150],"BSs":[26,36],"cellular":[28,48,77,110,124],"networks":[29,49,125],"inevitably":[30],"increases.":[31],"Integrating":[32],"renewable":[33,66],"into":[35],"has":[37],"become":[38],"an":[39,119],"important":[40],"approach":[41],"to":[42,70,91,131,153,163],"reducing":[43],"carbon":[45,73,134,159],"emissions":[46,74,160],"achieving":[51],"green":[52],"communications.":[53],"However,":[54],"a":[55,128],"key":[56],"challenge":[57],"lies":[58],"uniformly":[60],"characterizing":[61],"scheduling":[63],"both":[64],"optimize":[71,132],"renewable-energy":[76],"networks.":[78,111],"For":[79],"first":[81],"time,":[82],"our":[83],"work":[84],"introduces":[85],"concept":[87],"exergy":[89],"loss":[90],"characterize":[92],"coupling":[94],"relationship":[95],"between":[96],"information":[97],"energy,":[99],"describing":[100],"adaptation-optimization":[102],"problem":[103],"caused":[104],"by":[105,151,161],"source-load":[106],"uncertainty":[107],"renewable-energy-powered":[109,123],"Based":[112],"on":[113],"exergy-balance":[115],"theory,":[116],"we":[117],"establish":[118],"exergy-loss":[120],"model":[121],"for":[122],"design":[127],"minimum-exergy-loss":[129,142],"algorithm":[130,144],"emissions.":[135],"Simulation":[136],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"proposed":[141],"optimization":[143],"can":[145],"reduce":[146],"grid's":[148],"up":[152,162],"65.92%":[154],"decrease":[156],"system's":[158],"10.05%.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}
