{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416798298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699","title":"Design of 2-Bit Circularly Polarized Reflectarray for Broadband Vehicle Communications","display_name":"Design of 2-Bit Circularly Polarized Reflectarray for Broadband Vehicle Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416798298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-9247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109076795","display_name":"F. R. Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101821449","display_name":"Qiao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-9247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035445160","display_name":"Lehu Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-1114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lehu Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-1114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060208570","display_name":"Wei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xian, China","National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-1500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064377895","display_name":"Xuekang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-6812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuekang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-6812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051192643","display_name":"Q. Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-4133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004010850","display_name":"Steven Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-9223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-9223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42991766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"10253","last_page":"10263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.8863999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.7610999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phaser","display_name":"Phaser","score":0.7595999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband-networks","display_name":"Broadband networks","score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-difference","display_name":"Phase difference","score":0.3321000039577484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.8863999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7610999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135393689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551588","display_name":"Phaser","level":2,"score":0.7595999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125599584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15057100","display_name":"Broadband networks","level":3,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017413879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Phase difference","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61829901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"High-gain antenna","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153201621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121676","display_name":"Circular polarization","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3638699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/32640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-9247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/32640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-9247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"indispensable":[2],"supplement":[3],"to":[4,70,109,122],"the":[5,22,43,64,71,76,89,92,111,115,123,129,153],"terrestrial":[6],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,46,60,63,75,91,99,152,170,176],"Vehicles":[9],"(IoV),":[10],"satellites":[11],"provide":[12],"a":[13,32,50,57,145,148,186],"promising":[14],"alternative":[15],"for":[16,114,132,189,196],"broad":[17,166],"IoV":[18,27],"coverage.":[19],"To":[20],"improve":[21],"broadband":[23,34,136,191],"connection":[24],"in":[25],"satellite":[26,197],"service,":[28],"this":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"novel":[33,58],"2-bit":[35,117,155],"circularly":[36],"polarized":[37],"(CP)":[38],"reflectarray":[39],"(RA).":[40],"By":[41],"analyzing":[42],"phasing":[44,73],"characteristic":[45],"dual-loop":[47,77,93],"unit":[48,78,94,118,156],"cell,":[49,79],"-180\u00b0":[51],"phase":[52,83,97,134],"difference":[53],"is":[54,106],"achieved":[55,179],"through":[56],"method":[59,125],"arranging":[61],"resonances":[62],"single":[65],"loop":[66],"and":[67,81,138,160,172,192],"dual-loop.":[68],"Owing":[69],"wider":[72],"bandwidth":[74,98,113,169,175],"-90\u00b0":[80],"-270\u00b0":[82],"delays":[84],"are":[85,141,178],"obtained":[86],"by":[87],"changing":[88],"parameters":[90],"cell.":[95],"The":[96],"70.5\u00b0":[100],"\u2264":[101,104],"|":[102],"\u03c6|":[103],"109.5\u00b0":[105],"first-time":[107],"introduced":[108],"characterize":[110],"AR":[112,137,174],"developed":[116,154],"cells.":[119],"Therefore,":[120],"compared":[121],"traditional":[124],"focusing":[126],"solely":[127],"on":[128],"scaled":[130],"size":[131],"reflective":[133],"response,":[135],"gain":[139,168,182],"performances":[140],"obtained.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"as":[144],"performance":[146],"demonstration,":[147],"planar":[149],"RA":[150],"composed":[151],"cells":[157],"was":[158],"fabricated":[159],"measured.":[161],"Measured":[162],"results":[163],"confirm":[164],"that":[165],"3dB":[167,173],"32%":[171],"53%":[177],"with":[180],"high":[181],"radiation,":[183],"which":[184],"show":[185],"good":[187],"candidate":[188],"low-cost":[190],"wide":[193],"area":[194],"coverage":[195],"loV":[198],"service.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}