{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416323769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198","title":"Unifying Digital Twins, Generative AI, and Reinforcement Learning for UAV-Assisted Effective Real-Time Evacuation","display_name":"Unifying Digital Twins, Generative AI, and Reinforcement Learning for UAV-Assisted Effective Real-Time Evacuation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416323769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007421229","display_name":"Shahmir Khan Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-5257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahmir Khan Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-5257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021628892","display_name":"Shakti Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-5622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakti Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-5622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037837666","display_name":"Rabeb Mizouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-3759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabeb Mizouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-3759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049846737","display_name":"Hadi Otrok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Otrok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37203228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"6","first_page":"11173","last_page":"11184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.6514000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.6514000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.17489999532699585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazardous-waste","display_name":"Hazardous waste","score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.2849999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3634198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F703929587","display_name":"ASPIRE","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"have":[4],"dramatically":[5],"transformed":[6],"evacuation":[7,120,184,210],"missions,":[8],"significantly":[9],"enhancing":[10,220],"the":[11,26,42,140,150,165,197,200],"speed,":[12],"precision,":[13],"and":[14,52,86,207,223],"safety":[15,221],"of":[16,28,44,164,199],"rescue":[17],"operations.":[18],"The":[19,126,144,162],"revolutionary":[20],"digital":[21,55,69,109,141,151],"twin":[22,56,142,152],"(DT)":[23],"technology":[24],"enables":[25],"simulation":[27],"UAVs":[29],"in":[30,57,68,78,83,122,219],"hazardous":[31,79,187],"scenarios":[32,49],"by":[33],"providing":[34],"a":[35,54,59,62,100,129,155,203],"safe":[36],"environment":[37],"for":[38,177],"scenario":[39,60],"experimentation.":[40],"However,":[41],"adaptability":[43],"DT":[45],"to":[46,94,103,118,134,153,159,171,189,213],"dynamically":[47],"evolving":[48],"remains":[50],"challenging,":[51],"simulating":[53],"such":[58],"becomes":[61],"more":[63],"significant":[64],"problem.":[65],"Additionally,":[66],"autonomy":[67],"twins":[70],"is":[71],"under":[72],"explored,":[73],"which":[74],"could":[75],"be":[76],"beneficial":[77],"situations.":[80],"Recent":[81],"advancements":[82],"Reinforcement":[84],"Learning":[85],"Generative":[87],"Artificial":[88],"Intelligence":[89],"(GenAI)":[90],"present":[91],"promising":[92],"solutions":[93],"these":[95],"challenges.":[96],"This":[97,179],"paper":[98],"introduces":[99],"novel":[101],"approach":[102,166],"UAV":[104,175],"assisted":[105],"indoor":[106,123,174],"evacuation,":[107],"incorporating":[108],"twins,":[110],"sparse":[111,130],"temporal":[112,131],"dispersion\u2014a":[113],"GenAI":[114],"technique\u2014and":[115],"reinforcement":[116,169],"learning":[117,170],"improve":[119],"effectiveness":[121],"fire":[124,145],"scenarios.":[125],"methodology":[127,201],"employs":[128],"dispersion":[132],"model":[133],"simulate":[135],"dynamic":[136,156],"fires":[137],"realistically":[138],"within":[139],"environment.":[143],"simulations":[146,195],"are":[147],"overlayed":[148],"onto":[149],"create":[154],"platform":[157],"conducive":[158],"real-time":[160],"settings.":[161],"core":[163],"involves":[167],"employing":[168],"train":[172],"an":[173],"agent":[176,180],"evacuation.":[178],"autonomously":[181],"learns":[182],"optimal":[183],"strategies,":[185],"navigating":[186],"conditions":[188],"reach":[190],"designated":[191],"exit":[192],"points.":[193],"Extensive":[194],"validate":[196],"efficacy":[198,218],"with":[202],"91%":[204],"success":[205],"rate":[206],"60%":[208],"faster":[209],"time":[211],"compared":[212],"baseline":[214],"models,":[215],"proving":[216],"its":[217],"protocols":[222],"response":[224],"strategies.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}