{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415594460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193","title":"Geographic Grid Segmentation for Mining Electric Vehicular Blockchains","display_name":"Geographic Grid Segmentation for Mining Electric Vehicular Blockchains","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415594460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001650728","display_name":"Kounteya Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-5463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kounteya Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-5463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102461573","display_name":"Sudip Misra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-6414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073596932","display_name":"Deepaknath Tandur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-2532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepaknath Tandur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hitachi Energy, Bengaluru, India","Principal R&D Engineer, Hitachi Energy, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitachi Energy, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal R&D Engineer, Hitachi Energy, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40680853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"5","first_page":"7177","last_page":"7192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.920199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.920199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6428999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-processing","display_name":"Transaction processing","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42289999127388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6898000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6428999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5315999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983008078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863495","display_name":"Grid cell","level":3,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022848790","https://openalex.org/W2023291531","https://openalex.org/W2044977944","https://openalex.org/W2089836396","https://openalex.org/W2196845260","https://openalex.org/W2295100317","https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2774804203","https://openalex.org/W2786955657","https://openalex.org/W2793610021","https://openalex.org/W2802219065","https://openalex.org/W2891930034","https://openalex.org/W2897142515","https://openalex.org/W2914835534","https://openalex.org/W2931548779","https://openalex.org/W2949656921","https://openalex.org/W2950412599","https://openalex.org/W2961986496","https://openalex.org/W2969583644","https://openalex.org/W2982468232","https://openalex.org/W3013163419","https://openalex.org/W3024881287","https://openalex.org/W3036397807","https://openalex.org/W3036894724","https://openalex.org/W3047034512","https://openalex.org/W3121111882","https://openalex.org/W3127118747","https://openalex.org/W3131268456","https://openalex.org/W3134385809","https://openalex.org/W3138360497","https://openalex.org/W3190929627","https://openalex.org/W3215463989","https://openalex.org/W4207018026","https://openalex.org/W4220749588","https://openalex.org/W4297198361","https://openalex.org/W4319839255","https://openalex.org/W4384103651","https://openalex.org/W4387998248","https://openalex.org/W4389443086","https://openalex.org/W4390497924","https://openalex.org/W4396948482","https://openalex.org/W4403295034","https://openalex.org/W4404355073","https://openalex.org/W4408116262","https://openalex.org/W4410378455"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Charging":[0],"of":[1,96,105,144,214],"Electric":[2],"Vehicles":[3],"(EVs)":[4],"from":[5,286],"stationary":[6],"roadside":[7],"charging":[8,68,157],"points":[9],"(CPs)":[10],"that":[11,151,158,184,252,275],"are":[12,159],"connected":[13],"to":[14,59,64,80,161,169,218,232,242,269,289],"a":[15,33,65,87,178,298],"smart":[16,41,90],"grid":[17,56,92],"constitute":[18],"as":[19,45,240,261],"unique":[20],"transaction":[21],"events.":[22],"These":[23],"events":[24],"can":[25],"thus":[26],"be":[27],"verified":[28],"by":[29,276],"and":[30,108,139,222,228],"stored":[31],"over":[32,36,89,293],"distributed":[34],"blockchain":[35,88,153,196,265],"the":[37,40,55,97,102,106,186,195,207,253,278,294],"grid,":[38,296],"where":[39,124,206],"CPs":[42,107],"themselves":[43],"act":[44],"miners.":[46],"However,":[47],"mining":[48,83,117,136,175,187,223,233,279],"being":[49],"an":[50,114,211,243],"inherently":[51],"resource":[52],"intensive":[53],"task,":[54],"is":[57,167,284],"expected":[58],"remain":[60],"fairly":[61],"loaded":[62],"due":[63],"high":[66],"EV":[67,73,156],"density.":[69],"Hence,":[70],"towards":[71],"smooth":[72],"adoption,":[74],"in":[75],"this":[76],"work,":[77],"we":[78,112,181,273],"propose":[79],"reduce":[81],"relevant":[82],"overheads":[84],"for":[85,152,264],"such":[86,260],"EV-utility":[91],"using":[93],"geographic":[94,163,258],"segmentation":[95,255],"miner":[98,245],"set.":[99,246],"Depending":[100],"on":[101,194],"physical":[103],"locations":[104],"their":[109,129,162],"connectivity":[110],"graph,":[111],"divide":[113],"initially":[115],"unsegmented":[116,244],"cluster":[118,126],"into":[119],"several":[120],"smaller":[121,171],"clusters":[122],"geographically,":[123],"each":[125],"verifies":[127],"only":[128],"local":[130],"transactions.":[131],"This":[132],"significantly":[133],"reduces":[134],"important":[135],"parameters":[137],"per-transaction":[138],"per-block,":[140],"while":[141],"achieving":[142],"parallelism":[143],"block":[145,227,236,271,283],"generation":[146],"across":[147],"segments.":[148,176],"We":[149,198],"argue":[150],"transactions":[154],"like":[155],"coupled":[160],"source":[164],"locations,":[165],"it":[166],"sufficient":[168],"have":[170],"independent,":[172],"but":[173],"parallel":[174,270],"Through":[177],"detailed":[179],"analysis,":[180],"also":[182],"prove":[183,251],"reducing":[185],"segment":[188],"size":[189],"does":[190],"not":[191],"necessarily":[192],"compromise":[193],"security.":[197],"corroborate":[199],"our":[200],"claims":[201],"through":[202],"extensive":[203],"experimental":[204,248],"results,":[205],"proposed":[208,254],"solution":[209],"achieves":[210],"average":[212],"improvement":[213],"48%":[215],"with":[216,230,237],"respect":[217,231],"CPU":[219],"cycles":[220],"expended":[221],"energy":[224,280,300],"consumed":[225],"per":[226,235,282],"45%":[229],"time":[234],"half-sized":[238],"segments":[239],"compared":[241],"Our":[247],"results":[249],"further":[250],"outperforms":[256],"other":[257],"clustering":[259,263],"K-Means":[262],"applications.":[266],"Additionally,":[267],"owing":[268],"generation,":[272],"show":[274],"segmentation,":[277],"required":[281],"reduced":[285],"19":[287],"J":[288,292],"about":[290],"0.02":[291],"same":[295],"providing":[297],"significant":[299],"efficiency.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}