{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7101410731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007","title":"Graph-Meta-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Algorithm for Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge\u2013Cloud Collaboration","display_name":"Graph-Meta-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Algorithm for Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge\u2013Cloud Collaboration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7101410731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pengfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-4052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-4052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tianyang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1520-8883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1520-8883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6058-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6058-148X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenkai Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent Al Platform Department, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent Al Platform Department, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5966-9370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5966-9370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-1161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-1161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Quan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-8604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52587351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"5","first_page":"8320","last_page":"8335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9211999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9211999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-network-analysis","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.34310001134872437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3626007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8762819766998291,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"edge-cloud":[1],"collaborative":[2],"computing":[3],"is":[4,167],"pivotal":[5],"for":[6],"addressing":[7],"the":[8,31,109,130,153,191],"demands":[9],"of":[10,35,54,224],"computation-intensive":[11],"and":[12,38,63,134,141,183,208,234],"latency-sensitive":[13],"applications":[14],"in":[15,28,58,187,222],"future":[16],"intelligent":[17],"transportation":[18],"systems.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"task":[22,64,98,121],"offloading":[23,185,201],"strategies":[24],"face":[25],"significant":[26,216],"challenges":[27],"coping":[29],"with":[30],"highly":[32],"dynamic":[33,138,188],"nature":[34],"vehicular":[36,106],"networks":[37],"their":[39],"complex":[40],"device":[41],"topologies,":[42],"making":[43],"it":[44],"difficult":[45],"to":[46,76,80,112,148,169,177,198],"optimize":[47],"system-wide":[48],"energy":[49,116,232],"consumption":[50,117],"while":[51,118],"guaranteeing":[52],"Quality":[53],"Service":[55],"(QoS).":[56],"Particularly":[57],"scenarios":[59],"where":[60],"network":[61,94,107,193],"topology":[62,139],"characteristics":[65],"change":[66],"frequently,":[67],"traditional":[68],"deep":[69],"reinforcement":[70],"learning":[71,162],"methods":[72],"exhibit":[73],"poor":[74],"adaptability":[75],"environmental":[77,178],"variations,":[78],"failing":[79],"ensure":[81],"optimal":[82],"decision-making.":[83],"To":[84],"address":[85],"these":[86],"challenges,":[87],"this":[88],"paper":[89],"proposes":[90],"a":[91,104,136,143,160,171,195],"Graph":[92,144],"neural":[93],"based":[95,164],"Meta-Reinforcement":[96],"Learning":[97],"Offloading":[99],"algorithm":[100,110],"(GMRLO).":[101],"Operating":[102],"within":[103],"three-tier":[105],"architecture,":[108],"aims":[111],"minimize":[113],"total":[114,230],"system":[115,231],"strictly":[119],"satisfying":[120],"QoS":[122,227],"constraints.":[123],"GMRLO":[124,214],"first":[125],"models":[126],"all":[127],"computational":[128],"nodes-including":[129],"cloud,":[131],"edge":[132],"servers,":[133],"vehicles-as":[135],"unified":[137],"graph":[140],"leverages":[142],"Convolutional":[145],"Network":[146],"(GCN)":[147],"effectively":[149],"extract":[150],"features":[151],"representing":[152],"spatial":[154],"topological":[155],"relationships":[156],"among":[157],"devices.":[158],"Subsequently,":[159],"meta-reinforcement":[161],"framework,":[163],"on":[165],"meta-PPO,":[166],"employed":[168],"learn":[170],"meta-policy":[172],"that":[173,213],"can":[174],"rapidly":[175],"adapt":[176],"changes,":[179],"thereby":[180],"enabling":[181],"efficient":[182],"robust":[184],"decisions":[186],"scenarios.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"policy":[192],"adopts":[194],"Beta":[196],"distribution":[197],"model":[199],"continuous":[200],"ratios,":[202],"which":[203],"significantly":[204],"enhances":[205],"training":[206],"stability":[207],"performance.":[209],"Experimental":[210],"results":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"exhibits":[215],"advantages":[217],"over":[218],"various":[219],"baseline":[220],"algorithms":[221],"terms":[223],"convergence":[225],"speed,":[226],"satisfaction":[228],"rate,":[229],"consumption,":[233],"generalization":[235],"capability.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
