{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415445253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067","title":"A Localization Method for Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Sources Based on Exact Spatial Propagation Geometry Under Impulsive Noise","display_name":"A Localization Method for Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Sources Based on Exact Spatial Propagation Geometry Under Impulsive Noise","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415445253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3774-3201"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3774-3201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011832722","display_name":"Hongyuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-6828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-6828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038885485","display_name":"Menghan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-175X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-175X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016303261","display_name":"Qinhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33965527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"5720","last_page":"5732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-integral","display_name":"Fresnel integral","score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191677583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580253","display_name":"Fresnel integral","level":4,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200292535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455719","display_name":"Fresnel zone","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145242015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774123","display_name":"Approximation theory","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135925592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2637908","display_name":"Orthogonal functions","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50282329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286895","display_name":"Fresnel diffraction","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114996537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854529","display_name":"Colors of noise","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3624067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1640868467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2020F017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3609556206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"localization":[1,39],"methods":[2,156],"of":[3,111,116,128,154,176],"the":[4,15,21,27,31,57,63,101,109,125,129,134,140,144,148,151,173,177],"mixed":[5,117],"far-field":[6],"sources":[7,11],"(FFSs)":[8],"and":[9,24,83,114,119,138,168],"near-field":[10],"(NFSs)":[12],"usually":[13],"use":[14],"Fresnel":[16],"approximation":[17],"model,":[18],"which":[19,132],"neglects":[20],"amplitude":[22],"attenuation":[23],"assumes":[25],"that":[26,150,172],"background":[28],"noise":[29,49],"follows":[30],"Gaussian":[32],"distribution.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"a":[37,69,162],"novel":[38],"method":[40,54,146,179],"based":[41],"on":[42],"exact":[43],"spatial":[44],"propagation":[45],"geometry":[46],"under":[47],"impulsive":[48],"was":[50],"proposed.":[51],"The":[52,95,165],"proposed":[53,145,178],"first":[55],"uses":[56],"nonlinear":[58],"compression":[59],"function":[60],"to":[61,85,87,158],"process":[62],"received":[64],"data,":[65],"making":[66],"it":[67],"have":[68],"finite":[70],"second-order":[71],"cumulant":[72],"(SOC).":[73],"Then,":[74],"multiple":[75],"SOCs":[76],"containing":[77],"time":[78],"delay":[79],"information":[80],"are":[81],"constructed":[82],"made":[84],"conform":[86],"parallel":[88,103],"factor":[89,104],"model":[90],"(PARAFAC)":[91],"by":[92,124],"matrix":[93,97],"reconstruction.":[94],"steering":[96],"is":[98,180],"estimated":[99],"through":[100],"complex":[102],"analysis":[105,170],"(COMFAC)":[106],"method.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"direction":[110],"arrival":[112],"(DOA)":[113],"range":[115],"FFSs":[118],"NFSs":[120],"can":[121],"be":[122,159],"calculated":[123],"mathematical":[126,169],"expression":[127],"phase":[130],"difference,":[131],"avoids":[133,147],"spectral":[135],"peaks":[136],"search":[137],"reduces":[139],"computational":[141],"complexity.":[142],"Besides,":[143],"defect":[149],"sensor":[152],"spacing":[153],"existing":[155],"need":[157],"less":[160],"than":[161,182],"quarter":[163],"wavelength.":[164],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[171],"estimation":[174],"accuracy":[175],"higher":[181],"traditional":[183],"methods.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T05:59:34.339393","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}