{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7092187892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","title":"Enhanced Channel Characterization for RIS-Aided Systems Over Nakagami-$m$ Fading Channels","display_name":"Enhanced Channel Characterization for RIS-Aided Systems Over Nakagami-$m$ Fading Channels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7092187892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fernando Dar\u00edo Almeida Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71346753","display_name":"National Institute of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/0378w3a30","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Dar\u00edo Almeida Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, National Institute of Telecommunications (INATEL), Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, National Institute of Telecommunications (INATEL), Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Flavio du Pin Calmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio du Pin Calmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C\u00e2ndido Silveira Santos Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 C\u00e2ndido Silveira Santos Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Laboratory, Department of Communications, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-1548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Laboratory, Department of Communications, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42544749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"6207","last_page":"6223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.6323000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.37619999051094055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.6323000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205147927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752718","display_name":"Asymptotic analysis","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182408441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q824282","display_name":"Elementary function","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161126049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5429266","display_name":"Fading distribution","level":5,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4266494009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PPE-00124-23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/04hztxs45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,85],"study":[1,124],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,98],"characterizing":[4],"the":[5,31,36,42,64,88,109,112,115,131,136,142,201,205,226,239,244],"channel":[6,33],"of":[7,51,66,114,138,191,204],"a":[8,48,81,188,221],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS)-assisted":[12],"wireless":[13,229],"system":[14,231],"operating":[15],"over":[16],"Nakagami-$m$":[20,209],"fading":[21,197],"channels.":[22],"Although":[23],"numerous":[24],"studies":[25,52],"have":[26,53],"proposed":[27,156],"approximate":[28,181],"solutions":[29,74,148,182],"for":[30,108,225,238],"RIS":[32,67,117,192],"statistics":[34],"(namely,":[35],"probability":[37,246],"density":[38],"function":[39,45],"(PDF)":[40],"and":[41,111,133,145,158,194,235,253],"cumulative":[43],"distribution":[44],"(CDF)),":[46],"only":[47],"limited":[49],"number":[50,65,190],"tackled":[54],"this":[55,93,123],"problem":[56],"by":[57,232],"resorting":[58],"to":[59,73,130,135,165],"exact":[60,100,147,234],"approaches.":[61],"Regrettably,":[62],"as":[63,127,186],"elements":[68,193],"increases,":[69],"these":[70],"approaches":[71],"lead":[72],"that":[75,154,172],"are":[76],"computationally":[77],"expensive":[78],"or":[79],"entail":[80],"high":[82],"mathematical":[83],"intricacy.":[84],"has":[86],"prompted":[87],"analytical":[89],"development":[90],"undertaken":[91],"in":[92,122,178],"work.":[94],"Our":[95],"emphasis":[96],"is":[97,175],"an":[99],"approach.":[101],"Specifically,":[102],"we":[103,219],"furnish":[104],"handy,":[105],"tractable":[106,144],"formulas":[107],"PDF":[110,157],"CDF":[113,159],"investigated":[116],"channel.":[118],"The":[119,168],"expressions":[120,160,237],"introduced":[121],"stand":[125],"out":[126],"new":[128],"contributions":[129],"literature":[132],"are,":[134],"best":[137],"our":[139,155,173],"knowledge,":[140],"among":[141],"most":[143],"efficient":[146],"currently":[149],"available.":[150],"Numerical":[151],"simulations":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"offer":[161],"superior":[162],"efficiency":[163],"compared":[164],"state-of-the-art":[166],"solutions.":[167],"results":[169],"also":[170],"highlight":[171],"approach":[174],"particularly":[176],"attractive":[177],"scenarios":[179],"where":[180],"fall":[183],"short,":[184],"such":[185],"(i)":[187],"small":[189],"(ii)":[195],"pronounced":[196],"imbalance,":[198],"i.e.,":[199],"when":[200],"shape":[202],"parameters":[203],"Nakagami