{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7092191909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202","title":"Manage On-Road Services With Chains: A Distributed Vehicular Task Offloading Approach Based on Blockchain Technology","display_name":"Manage On-Road Services With Chains: A Distributed Vehicular Task Offloading Approach Based on Blockchain Technology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7092191909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8538-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8538-9665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinlu Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlu Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7323-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7323-2185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-6414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-6414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5552068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"6689","last_page":"6704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.3456000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.3456000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.13449999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.12290000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7487999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.40720000863075256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7487999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5558000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107418235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520565","display_name":"Human multitasking","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3622202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4593047201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5832581827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92367201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7122489959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024QF047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,123],"resource-constrained":[1],"vehicular":[2,81,110],"environments,":[3,113],"offloading":[4,28,53,98,112,121,145],"tasks":[5,37,203],"to":[6,15,66,84,179],"edge":[7,44,171],"servers":[8,45],"simultaneously":[9],"from":[10],"multiple":[11],"client":[12,92,125],"vehicles":[13,93,126],"leads":[14],"severe":[16],"resource":[17,209],"competition,":[18],"causing":[19],"a":[20,26,47,117,194],"cycle":[21],"of":[22,34,62,91,200],"increased":[23],"latency.":[24],"Designing":[25],"task":[27,52,68,97,111,120,144,149,175],"strategy":[29],"that":[30,190],"balances":[31],"the":[32,60,85,89,95,198],"latency":[33],"new":[35],"offloaded":[36,202],"and":[38,69,94,102,151,174,204],"those":[39],"already":[40],"being":[41],"executed":[42],"on":[43,56,170],"is":[46,77],"crucial":[48],"challenge.":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"centralized":[51],"strategies":[54],"based":[55],"global":[57,139],"information":[58,72,140],"require":[59],"design":[61,193],"complex":[63],"communication":[64],"mechanisms":[65,135],"collect":[67],"computational":[70],"workload":[71],"in":[73,80,88,108],"real":[74],"time,":[75],"which":[76],"not":[78],"desirable":[79],"environments":[82],"due":[83],"dynamic":[86,152],"changes":[87],"locations":[90],"varying":[96],"demands":[99],"across":[100],"time":[101],"space.":[103],"To":[104,142],"address":[105],"these":[106],"issues":[107],"multi-client":[109,212],"we":[114,155,188],"propose":[115],"Moscato,":[116,124],"blockchain-based":[118],"distributed":[119],"framework.":[122],"function":[127],"as":[128],"blockchain":[129],"consensus":[130,134],"nodes,":[131],"utilizing":[132],"existing":[133],"for":[136],"asynchronous,":[137],"non-real-time":[138],"sharing.":[141],"optimize":[143],"decisions":[146],"under":[147,211],"diverse":[148],"profiles":[150],"traffic":[153],"conditions,":[154],"integrate":[156],"Federated":[157],"Learning":[158],"(FL)":[159],"with":[160,185],"Deep":[161],"Q-Network":[162],"(DQN),":[163],"enabling":[164],"intelligent,":[165],"decentralized":[166],"decision-making.":[167],"Real-world":[168],"datasets":[169],"server":[172],"workloads":[173],"latencies":[176],"were":[177],"collected":[178],"conduct":[180],"simulation-based":[181],"evaluations.":[182],"Through":[183],"comparison":[184],"state-of-the-art":[186],"methods,":[187],"demonstrate":[189],"Moscato":[191],"can":[192],"better":[195],"balance":[196],"between":[197],"execution":[199],"newly":[201],"ongoing":[205],"ones,":[206],"effectively":[207],"alleviating":[208],"competition":[210],"scenarios.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T05:59:34.339393","created_date":"2025-10-17T00:00:00"}