{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414956267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087","title":"Joint Deployment and Beamforming Design in Aerial RIS-Assisted MU-MISO Systems Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Joint Deployment and Beamforming Design in Aerial RIS-Assisted MU-MISO Systems Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414956267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043577466","display_name":"Weijie Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-6196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005367960","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-6546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-6546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024436944","display_name":"Chao-Kai Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-232X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Kai Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-232X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066151952","display_name":"Le Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-1933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793245","display_name":"Fu\u2010Chun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Chun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65884609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"5981","last_page":"5997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7325000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6834999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6722000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.397599995136261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7325000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6955000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6834999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6722000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778034918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3689301","display_name":"Topology control","level":5,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456","display_name":"Topology optimization","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3619087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003364742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2983292947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 114-2221-E-110-031-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6637948455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895962253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,36,74],"a":[7,62,75,81,139],"promising":[8],"and":[9,17,31,51,79,117,164,175,190,231,235],"cost-effective":[10],"technology":[11],"to":[12,46,55,87,145,166,195,200],"enhance":[13,168],"coverage,":[14],"transmission":[15],"rates,":[16],"energy":[18],"efficiency":[19],"in":[20,40,131],"wireless":[21,133],"communication":[22,134],"systems.":[23],"However,":[24],"current":[25],"research":[26],"often":[27],"treats":[28],"the":[29,49,57,70,96,100,111,114,119,123,127,132,147,152,159,177,183,186,206,228,238],"deployment":[30,50,189,203,216],"beamforming":[32,52,191,243],"design":[33,95],"of":[34,53,61,72,99,113,122,154,162,185,220,224,240],"RIS":[35,54,73,165,202],"separate":[37],"issues,":[38],"resulting":[39],"suboptimal":[41],"performance.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"aims":[45],"jointly":[47],"optimize":[48],"maximize":[56],"weighted":[58],"sum":[59],"rate":[60],"multi-user":[63],"multiple-input":[64],"single-output":[65],"(MISO)":[66],"system.":[67],"We":[68],"model":[69],"control":[71],"Markov":[76],"decision":[77],"process":[78,230],"develop":[80],"deep":[82],"reinforcement":[83],"learning":[84],"(DRL)":[85],"framework":[86,210],"address":[88],"this":[89],"optimization":[90,135],"task":[91],"jointly.":[92],"Specifically,":[93],"we":[94,137,157],"action":[97,115],"space":[98,116],"agent":[101],"using":[102],"an":[103,172],"enhanced":[104],"discrete":[105],"Fourier":[106],"transform":[107],"codebook,":[108],"which":[109],"reduces":[110],"dimensionality":[112],"facilitates":[118],"efficient":[120],"training":[121,229],"DRL.":[124],"To":[125],"exploit":[126],"graph":[128,140],"topology":[129],"inherent":[130],"problem,":[136],"employ":[138],"neural":[141],"network":[142,174],"(GNN)":[143],"structure":[144],"construct":[146],"DRL":[148,209],"framework.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"assuming":[151],"availability":[153],"location":[155,160,225],"information,":[156],"utilize":[158],"information":[161,226],"users":[163],"further":[167],"performance":[169,197,234],"by":[170],"designing":[171],"initialization":[173],"modifying":[176],"state":[178],"space.":[179],"Simulation":[180],"results":[181],"validate":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"proposed":[187,207],"joint":[188],"design,":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"up":[194],"twofold":[196],"improvements":[198],"compared":[199],"fixed":[201],"strategies.":[204],"Moreover,":[205],"GNN-based":[208],"exhibits":[211],"superior":[212],"robustness,":[213,236],"enabling":[214],"flexible":[215],"across":[217],"varying":[218],"numbers":[219],"users.":[221],"The":[222],"incorporation":[223],"accelerates":[227],"improves":[232],"overall":[233],"underscoring":[237],"advantages":[239],"AI-enabled":[241],"multimodal":[242],"design.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}