{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414538683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767","title":"Beamspace Channel Estimation for the Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems: Dual Loops-Based Iteration Reduction Algorithms","display_name":"Beamspace Channel Estimation for the Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems: Dual Loops-Based Iteration Reduction Algorithms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414538683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/813623101/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101185466","display_name":"Lijun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7363-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104064","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/01h027j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineer-ing, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Seedlight robot (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7363-3354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineer-ing, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seedlight robot (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014118483","display_name":"Zheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-4935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-4935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076399232","display_name":"Zeliang An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-9634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeliang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China","School of Computer and Information, AnHui Polytechnic University, WuHu, AnHui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-9634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, AnHui Polytechnic University, WuHu, AnHui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051251573","display_name":"Zheng Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086926899","display_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-8243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012861792","display_name":"Gaojie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaojie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Flexible Electronics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Flexible Electronics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101185466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4210104064"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24603668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3","first_page":"4478","last_page":"4490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.3343000113964081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6848999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.49549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70958404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512728","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","level":4,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3612767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/741ba071-03e9-4588-9914-f28f59c8fdb2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/741ba071-03e9-4588-9914-f28f59c8fdb2","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/813623101/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, L, Li, Z, An, Z, Chu, Z, Zhu, Z, Chen, G & Li, Y 2025, 'Beamspace Channel Estimation for the Millimeter-wave Massive MIMO Systems : Dual Loops-based Iteration Reduction Algorithms', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3612767","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/741ba071-03e9-4588-9914-f28f59c8fdb2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/741ba071-03e9-4588-9914-f28f59c8fdb2","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/813623101/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, L, Li, Z, An, Z, Chu, Z, Zhu, Z, Chen, G & Li, Y 2025, 'Beamspace Channel Estimation for the Millimeter-wave Massive MIMO Systems : Dual Loops-based Iteration Reduction Algorithms', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3612767","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1414473467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2508085QF256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3008245688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024J233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332587","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3320621922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN25-24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3615564846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2408085QF183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3634669831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24hytd010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","funder_display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4852136844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"232300421097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5195174147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62503010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330862013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6379705399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571495","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8095835659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24hytd010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321160","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323845","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330485","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332587","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414538683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414538683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,82,117],"the":[1,44,47,52,70,78,83,98,111,114,118,121,177,187],"millimeter-wave":[2],"(mmWave)":[3],"massive":[4],"multipleinput":[5],"multiple-output":[6],"(MIMO)":[7],"channel":[8,39,79,100,179,199,205],"estimation":[9,40,53,80,101,180,200,206],"problem":[10,54,75,102],"blue":[11],"employing":[12],"lens":[13],"antenna":[14],"arrays,":[15],"conventional":[16,139,204],"compressed":[17,140],"sensing":[18,141],"algorithms":[19,142],"demand":[20],"numerous":[21],"matrix-vector":[22],"multiplications":[23],"per":[24],"iteration,":[25],"thereby":[26],"incurring":[27],"substantial":[28],"computational":[29],"complexity.":[30],"To":[31,160],"address":[32],"this":[33,162],"challenge,":[34],"we":[35,62,164],"propose":[36],"dual-loop":[37,66],"beamspace":[38,49,115,178,198],"strategies":[41],"that":[42,186],"leverage":[43],"sparsity":[45,112],"of":[46,106,113],"mmWave":[48],"channel,":[50],"formulating":[51],"as":[55],"a":[56,104],"sparse":[57],"signal":[58],"recovery":[59],"task.":[60],"First,":[61],"design":[63,165],"an":[64,86,166],"effective":[65],"algorithm":[67,93,126,130],"based":[68,90],"on":[69],"\u2113<sub":[71,87,167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72,88,95,168,174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[73],"minimization":[74,170],"to":[76,103,133,203],"tackle":[77],"problem.":[81,181],"outer":[84],"loop,":[85,120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>-":[89],"iterative":[91,123],"reduction":[92],"(\u2113<sub":[94,173],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>-IRA)":[96],"reduces":[97],"largescale":[99],"series":[105],"small-scale":[107],"subproblems":[108,136],"by":[109],"exploiting":[110],"channel.":[116],"inner":[119],"fast":[122],"shrinkage":[124],"thresholding":[125],"with":[127],"backtracking":[128],"(FISTAB)":[129],"is":[131],"used":[132],"solve":[134],"these":[135],"efficiently.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"exhibit":[143],"favorable":[144],"performance":[145,154],"in":[146,156],"weakly":[147],"correlated":[148,158],"systems":[149],"but":[150],"suffer":[151],"from":[152],"significant":[153],"degradation":[155],"strongly":[157],"scenarios.":[159],"mitigate":[161],"limitation,":[163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1\u22122</sub>":[169],"problem-based":[171],"IRA":[172],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1\u22122</sub>-IRA)":[175],"for":[176],"Finally,":[182],"simulation":[183],"results":[184],"show":[185],"proposed":[188],"dual":[189],"loop":[190],"methods":[191],"significantly":[192],"reduce":[193],"pilot":[194],"overhead":[195],"and":[196],"improve":[197],"accuracy":[201],"compared":[202],"techniques.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:00:12.390032","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
