{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414199276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283","title":"Joint Task Offloading, Resource Allocation, and Service Caching in Mobile Edge Computing via Soft Actor-Critic Learning","display_name":"Joint Task Offloading, Resource Allocation, and Service Caching in Mobile Edge Computing via Soft Actor-Critic Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414199276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077856574","display_name":"Haizhou Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-8169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165606","display_name":"Hubei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/056y3dw16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-8169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375979","display_name":"Yuxuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-6974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049795338","display_name":"Yiming Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-227X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432662","display_name":"Peng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-9186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-9186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030254433","display_name":"Lei Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-9170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Libing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103675754","display_name":"Gong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guorong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-2721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79906826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3","first_page":"4854","last_page":"4869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6327000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4165000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8503999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6327000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781055072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325266","display_name":"Cloudlet","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3610283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4236172726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025AFB544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511262144","https://openalex.org/W2619310525","https://openalex.org/W3023749864","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3138031491","https://openalex.org/W3158749225","https://openalex.org/W3169017409","https://openalex.org/W3196197762","https://openalex.org/W3215559192","https://openalex.org/W4210934000","https://openalex.org/W4242979483","https://openalex.org/W4283211077","https://openalex.org/W4284976112","https://openalex.org/W4285061777","https://openalex.org/W4285122268","https://openalex.org/W4285294295","https://openalex.org/W4285820401","https://openalex.org/W4285821412","https://openalex.org/W4312864291","https://openalex.org/W4313555238","https://openalex.org/W4323529937","https://openalex.org/W4323896971","https://openalex.org/W4323897035","https://openalex.org/W4328030963","https://openalex.org/W4328127102","https://openalex.org/W4360770713","https://openalex.org/W4376464656","https://openalex.org/W4376480747","https://openalex.org/W4376481129","https://openalex.org/W4377079705","https://openalex.org/W4380362904","https://openalex.org/W4382998583","https://openalex.org/W4386025659","https://openalex.org/W4387415320","https://openalex.org/W4387490446","https://openalex.org/W4387917775","https://openalex.org/W4387986934","https://openalex.org/W4388098896","https://openalex.org/W4388206738","https://openalex.org/W4388854163","https://openalex.org/W4391406951","https://openalex.org/W4392152915","https://openalex.org/W4409559966"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"edge":[1,53,69,81,107],"computing":[2,76],"(MEC)":[3],"has":[4,20],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,22,124,136,145],"powerful":[8],"solution":[9],"for":[10],"handling":[11],"computation-intensive":[12],"applications":[13],"at":[14,79],"the":[15,61,66,80,86,99,103,119,142],"network":[16,28],"edge.":[17],"Task":[18],"offloading":[19,115],"become":[21],"widely":[23],"adopted":[24],"strategy":[25],"to":[26,35,52,112],"optimize":[27],"resource":[29,77,91],"utilization":[30],"and":[31,44,65,75,95,167],"deliver":[32],"enhanced":[33],"services":[34,57],"user":[36],"equipment":[37],"(UE).":[38],"To":[39,130],"meet":[40],"stringent":[41],"end-to-end":[42],"delay":[43],"energy":[45],"consumption":[46],"requirements,":[47],"users":[48],"can":[49],"offload":[50],"tasks":[51],"servers":[54],"where":[55],"relevant":[56],"are":[58],"pre-cached.":[59],"However,":[60],"limited":[62],"storage":[63],"capacity":[64],"heterogeneity":[67],"of":[68,88,106,162],"nodes":[70],"make":[71],"collaborative":[72],"cache":[73,120,168],"decision-making":[74],"allocation":[78],"critical":[82],"challenges.":[83],"We":[84],"address":[85],"optimization":[87],"task":[89],"offloading,":[90],"allocation,":[92],"service":[93],"caching,":[94],"push":[96],"decisions":[97],"within":[98],"MEC":[100],"system":[101,163],"through":[102],"coordinated":[104],"efforts":[105],"servers.":[108],"The":[109],"objective":[110],"is":[111],"minimize":[113],"long-term":[114],"latency":[116],"while":[117],"maximizing":[118],"hit":[121,169],"ratio,":[122],"presenting":[123],"mixed-integer":[125],"nonlinear":[126],"programming":[127],"(MINLP)":[128],"problem.":[129],"tackle":[131],"this":[132],"challenge,":[133],"we":[134],"propose":[135],"novel":[137],"soft":[138],"actor-critic":[139],"approach,":[140],"transforming":[141],"problem":[143],"into":[144],"Markov":[146],"decision":[147],"process":[148],"(MDP).":[149],"Numerical":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"that":[153],"our":[154],"algorithm":[155],"significantly":[156],"outperforms":[157],"existing":[158],"methods":[159],"in":[160],"terms":[161],"cost,":[164],"average":[165],"delay,":[166],"ratio.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}