{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414166078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861","title":"Covert Communication in RIS-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication System","display_name":"Covert Communication in RIS-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414166078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102739122","display_name":"Huihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9890-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9890-0877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061659218","display_name":"Dongqi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongqi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002859892","display_name":"Shih Yu Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Data Science, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-0021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Data Science, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755432","display_name":"Wei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-3123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-3123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaohong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84400586","display_name":"Future University Hakodate","ror":"https://ror.org/05szw2z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Japan","School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9739-1930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102739122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26795089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3","first_page":"4092","last_page":"4109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.7940000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.7940000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.7749999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.7311999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.8123000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6948000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3677999973297119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8123000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6948000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6252999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989335485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17130189","display_name":"Transmission rate","level":3,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983568541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Information transmission","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3607861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226275299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7032713022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62394321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2120691028","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2765955268","https://openalex.org/W2795059371","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2963381616","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3022663626","https://openalex.org/W3135239326","https://openalex.org/W3146208107","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3164862323","https://openalex.org/W3197783623","https://openalex.org/W3198753883","https://openalex.org/W4213191624","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4225751074","https://openalex.org/W4239256746","https://openalex.org/W4254549731","https://openalex.org/W4285204942","https://openalex.org/W4292262948","https://openalex.org/W4312830363","https://openalex.org/W4323338579","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4378174081","https://openalex.org/W4378421618","https://openalex.org/W4384787835","https://openalex.org/W4385627079","https://openalex.org/W4386322246","https://openalex.org/W4387885679","https://openalex.org/W4389799491","https://openalex.org/W4391365566","https://openalex.org/W4392940040","https://openalex.org/W4393140194","https://openalex.org/W4393305365","https://openalex.org/W4401990953","https://openalex.org/W4406857846","https://openalex.org/W4411203566"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integrated":[1,35,168],"sensing":[2,36,169],"and":[3,37,48,74,90,110,128,170],"communication":[4,22,38,58,171,183],"system":[5,163,172],"based":[6],"on":[7,131],"the":[8,20,42,61,104,122,136,148,152,161,177,180],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS)":[12],"technology":[13],"have":[14],"found":[15],"many":[16],"crucial":[17],"applications,":[18],"while":[19],"covert":[21,57,117,154,182],"serves":[23],"as":[24,173,175],"an":[25,33,99,166],"attractive":[26],"approach":[27],"to":[28,70,102,121,140],"implement":[29],"secure":[30],"transmission":[31,50,75,91],"in":[32,77],"RIS-based":[34,167],"system.":[39,63],"By":[40,134],"exploring":[41],"RIS":[43],"functionality,":[44],"sensing-assisted":[45],"signal":[46],"hiding,":[47],"two-hop":[49],"mechanism,":[51],"this":[52,142],"paper":[53],"proposes":[54],"a":[55],"novel":[56],"strategy":[59],"for":[60,116,151],"considered":[62],"Specifically,":[64],"we":[65,145],"first":[66],"develop":[67],"theoretical":[68],"models":[69],"depict":[71],"covertness,":[72],"sensing,":[73],"performances":[76],"terms":[78],"of":[79,87,107,113,124,165,179],"detection":[80],"error":[81],"probability":[82,93],"(DEP),":[83],"Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference":[84],"Ratio":[85],"(SINR)":[86],"echo":[88],"signals,":[89],"outage":[92],"(TOP),":[94],"respectively.":[95],"We":[96],"then":[97],"formulate":[98],"optimization":[100,138,143],"problem":[101],"determine":[103],"optimal":[105],"settings":[106],"target":[108],"rate":[109],"transmit":[111,132],"powers":[112],"probing/covert":[114],"signals":[115],"throughput":[118],"maximization,":[119],"subject":[120],"constraints":[123],"DEP,":[125],"SINR,":[126],"TOP,":[127],"upper":[129],"bound":[130],"powers.":[133],"applying":[135],"alternating":[137],"technique":[139],"solve":[141],"problem,":[144],"further":[146],"derive":[147],"analytical":[149],"formula":[150],"maximum":[153],"throughput.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"extensive":[157],"numerical":[158],"results":[159],"illustrate":[160],"overall":[162],"performance":[164],"well":[174],"demonstrate":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"proposed":[181],"strategy.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}