{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413212826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542","title":"Energy Minimization for UAV-Enabled Covert Offloading MEC Systems","display_name":"Energy Minimization for UAV-Enabled Covert Offloading MEC Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413212826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/1edcffe4-7c2b-4dcc-89b4-a5115f3c5748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846955","display_name":"Yi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Coding and Transmission Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-068X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding and Transmission Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064437214","display_name":"Zheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-1483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Coding and Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-1483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding and Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880047","display_name":"Pingzhi Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingzhi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Coding and Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-6251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding and Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Coding & Transmission (ICT) Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015177140","display_name":"Azzam Al\u2010nahari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzam Al-nahari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-2377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721659","display_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","display_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/016gb9e15","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia","School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043371405","display_name":"Branka Vucetic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-2001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Branka Vucetic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-2001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101846955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26356486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"3306","last_page":"3311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6223069429397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5675183534622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.5057075023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.46923118829727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3279659152030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3248105049133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11154749989509583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6223069429397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5675183534622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.5057075023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46923118829727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3279659152030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3248105049133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11154749989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3597542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/138810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/1edcffe4-7c2b-4dcc-89b4-a5115f3c5748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/31989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-068X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/138810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/1edcffe4-7c2b-4dcc-89b4-a5115f3c5748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1397133892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2268201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1481524095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361136810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2501203282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6817301719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518796764","https://openalex.org/W347294048","https://openalex.org/W2118841422","https://openalex.org/W2226908759","https://openalex.org/W2061881449","https://openalex.org/W1483822002","https://openalex.org/W1899667806","https://openalex.org/W2351116219","https://openalex.org/W2110536527","https://openalex.org/W2153731865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"a":[3,47,57],"covert":[4,127],"offloading":[5,28,35,128],"framework":[6],"is":[7,23,82,90],"established":[8],"for":[9,29],"unmanned":[10],"aerial":[11],"vehicle":[12],"(UAV)":[13],"system.":[14],"Specifically,":[15],"one":[16],"UAV-enabled":[17],"mobile":[18],"edge":[19],"computing":[20,97],"(MEC)":[21],"server":[22,105],"deployed":[24],"to":[25,43,62,108,121],"assist":[26],"the":[27,34,44,52,67,75,103,123],"multiple":[30],"ground":[31],"users,":[32],"while":[33],"behavior":[36],"might":[37],"be":[38],"exposed":[39],"and":[40,66,74,100,112],"detected":[41],"due":[42],"existence":[45],"of":[46,59,102,125],"malicious":[48],"warden.":[49],"To":[50],"enhance":[51],"covertness,":[53,110],"each":[54],"user":[55],"splits":[56],"part":[58],"its":[60],"power":[61,71,95,111],"transmit":[63],"jamming":[64],"signal,":[65],"relationship":[68],"between":[69],"users'":[70,94],"split":[72],"ratio":[73],"warden's":[76],"minimum":[77],"detection":[78],"error":[79],"probability":[80],"(DEP)":[81],"investigated.":[83],"Then,":[84],"an":[85],"efficient":[86],"energy":[87],"minimization":[88],"algorithm":[89],"designed":[91],"by":[92],"optimizing":[93],"split,":[96],"resource":[98],"allocation":[99],"deployment":[101],"UAV-MEC":[104],"jointly,":[106],"subject":[107],"specific":[109],"transmission":[113],"rate":[114],"constraints.":[115],"Finally,":[116],"simulation":[117],"results":[118],"are":[119],"provided":[120],"demonstrate":[122],"effectiveness":[124],"our":[126],"design.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}