{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413126200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618","title":"Efficiency Optimization for Blockchain-Enabled V2V Energy Trading With Dynamic Clustering Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Efficiency Optimization for Blockchain-Enabled V2V Energy Trading With Dynamic Clustering Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413126200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845076","display_name":"Jiahui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693487","display_name":"Ruizhe Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhe Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457477","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078206254","display_name":"Enchang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-0077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enchang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-0077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dajun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-5396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dajun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-5396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044158599","display_name":"Pengbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76502944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"1","first_page":"405","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8558377623558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8132017850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6078404784202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5828261375427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.47033578157424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34480077028274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3134593963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23013940453529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16187310218811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12257254123687744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8558377623558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8132017850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6078404784202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5828261375427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.47033578157424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34480077028274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3134593963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23013940453529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16187310218811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12257254123687744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3596618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1134553906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3572481298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4252001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6133183526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2802385449","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2908339226","https://openalex.org/W2949333674","https://openalex.org/W2998762116","https://openalex.org/W3009970094","https://openalex.org/W3010998992","https://openalex.org/W3014235300","https://openalex.org/W3034128421","https://openalex.org/W3039152299","https://openalex.org/W3039746697","https://openalex.org/W3041497362","https://openalex.org/W3042936917","https://openalex.org/W3089337563","https://openalex.org/W3091665258","https://openalex.org/W3092582111","https://openalex.org/W3106137860","https://openalex.org/W3112361850","https://openalex.org/W3118436442","https://openalex.org/W3152507862","https://openalex.org/W3154548150","https://openalex.org/W3190929627","https://openalex.org/W3195437048","https://openalex.org/W3198409331","https://openalex.org/W3204027683","https://openalex.org/W3216911233","https://openalex.org/W4200495364","https://openalex.org/W4285120468","https://openalex.org/W4285122970","https://openalex.org/W4292388481","https://openalex.org/W4312535184","https://openalex.org/W4319997960","https://openalex.org/W4381785392","https://openalex.org/W4382118792","https://openalex.org/W4384303868","https://openalex.org/W4385453118","https://openalex.org/W4386495335","https://openalex.org/W4387609302","https://openalex.org/W4387870196","https://openalex.org/W4391248598","https://openalex.org/W4401211368","https://openalex.org/W6903324742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W3126939372","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle-to-Vehicle":[0],"(V2V)":[1],"energy":[2,28,72,85,114,184],"trading":[3,48,62,73,117,185],"is":[4,133,178],"a":[5,70,97],"feasible":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,82,120,135,181],"alleviate":[9],"charging":[10],"anxiety":[11],"and":[12,30,45,49,59,79,105,143,152,173,177],"enhance":[13],"the":[14,24,35,43,54,90,102,111,137,146,159],"range":[15],"of":[16,26,39,47,56,108,113,139,145],"electric":[17],"vehicles":[18],"(EVs).":[19],"Clustering":[20],"EVs":[21],"can":[22],"improve":[23],"efficiency":[25],"both":[27],"transfer":[29],"V2V":[31,71,183],"communication.":[32],"However,":[33],"in":[34],"complex":[36],"large-scale":[37,182],"Internet":[38],"Electric":[40],"Vehicles":[41],"(IoEV),":[42],"security":[44,151],"reliability":[46],"communication,":[50],"as":[51,53,87],"well":[52],"impact":[55],"cluster":[57],"number":[58,138],"strategy":[60],"on":[61,89,101],"efficiency,":[63],"require":[64],"further":[65],"discussion.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"proposes":[69],"system":[74,93,149],"that":[75,158],"leverages":[76],"blockchain":[77,121,148],"sharding":[78,127],"dynamic":[80],"clustering":[81,98,141],"securely":[83],"record":[84],"trades":[86],"transactions":[88],"blockchain.":[91],"The":[92,155],"forms":[94],"clusters":[95,118],"using":[96],"algorithm":[99],"based":[100],"mobility":[103],"information":[104],"power":[106,164],"levels":[107],"EVs,":[109],"ensuring":[110],"reachability":[112],"trading.":[115],"These":[116],"correspond":[119],"shards,":[122],"enhancing":[123],"transaction":[124],"throughput":[125,174],"through":[126],"scalability.":[128],"Deep":[129],"reinforcement":[130],"learning":[131],"(DRL)":[132],"employed":[134],"optimize":[136],"clusters,":[140],"algorithms,":[142],"parameters":[144],"sharded":[147],"under":[150],"latency":[153],"constraints.":[154],"results":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"proposed":[160],"scheme":[161],"ensures":[162],"timely":[163],"replenishment":[165],"for":[166,175],"low-power":[167],"vehicles,":[168],"improves":[169],"overall":[170],"economic":[171],"utility":[172],"participants,":[176],"effectively":[179],"applicable":[180],"scenarios.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}