{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412081994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737","title":"Efficient Active Azimuth-Elevation DOA Estimations via Massive MIMO Radar","display_name":"Efficient Active Azimuth-Elevation DOA Estimations via Massive MIMO Radar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412081994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/645348795/IEEE_TVT_Paper_Author_Accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060749824","display_name":"Amir Masoud Molaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-7385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Masoud Molaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-7385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080844107","display_name":"Vincent Fusco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-4027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Fusco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-4027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082577416","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-4614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-4614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059640494","display_name":"Mohsen Khalily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Khalily","raw_affiliation_strings":["5GIC and 6GIC Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5GIC and 6GIC Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024139393","display_name":"C\u00e1ssio G. Lopes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-1529"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e1ssio G. Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Systems, University of S&#x00E3;o Paulo, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brasil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-1529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, University of S&#x00E3;o Paulo, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brasil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053763715","display_name":"Okan Yurduseven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-3029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okan Yurduseven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0242-3029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x0027;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97519513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"19217","last_page":"19236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7024782299995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5718997120857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5536681413650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5104116797447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4921206831932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4343153238296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-angle","display_name":"Elevation angle","score":0.43155914545059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3938339054584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2953474223613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25637519359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2481406033039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18645313382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.17580389976501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09330090880393982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7024782299995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5718997120857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5536681413650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5104116797447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4921206831932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4343153238296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986230362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203218","display_name":"Elevation angle","level":3,"score":0.43155914545059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3938339054584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2953474223613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25637519359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2481406033039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18645313382148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.17580389976501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09330090880393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3586737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/0f1e7801-b6d0-4542-80a0-77ca5f5719aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0f1e7801-b6d0-4542-80a0-77ca5f5719aa","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/645348795/IEEE_TVT_Paper_Author_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Molaei, A M, Fusco, V, Abbasi, M A B, Khalily, M, Lopes, C G & Yurduseven, O 2025, 'Efficient active azimuth-elevation DOA estimations via massive MIMO radar', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 19217-19236. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3586737","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/0f1e7801-b6d0-4542-80a0-77ca5f5719aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/0f1e7801-b6d0-4542-80a0-77ca5f5719aa","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/645348795/IEEE_TVT_Paper_Author_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Molaei, A M, Fusco, V, Abbasi, M A B, Khalily, M, Lopes, C G & Yurduseven, O 2025, 'Efficient active azimuth-elevation DOA estimations via massive MIMO radar', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 19217-19236. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2025.3586737","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583636234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RL-2019-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412081994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412081994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1934939209","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2115485558","https://openalex.org/W2143746649","https://openalex.org/W2151105244","https://openalex.org/W2169135280","https://openalex.org/W2189368743","https://openalex.org/W2469230926","https://openalex.org/W2571830458","https://openalex.org/W2604290765","https://openalex.org/W2613365594","https://openalex.org/W2625301104","https://openalex.org/W2765734874","https://openalex.org/W2800190297","https://openalex.org/W2903555429","https://openalex.org/W2911906994","https://openalex.org/W2911931272","https://openalex.org/W2947604404","https://openalex.org/W2947919697","https://openalex.org/W2950114315","https://openalex.org/W2951169187","https://openalex.org/W2963290381","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W2967631301","https://openalex.org/W2974198077","https://openalex.org/W2986229831","https://openalex.org/W2997915341","https://openalex.org/W2999272775","https://openalex.org/W3012220500","https://openalex.org/W3021182071","https://openalex.org/W3022929891","https://openalex.org/W3025061635","https://openalex.org/W3041441526","https://openalex.org/W3126733240","https://openalex.org/W3134877360","https://openalex.org/W3135420869","https://openalex.org/W3157299400","https://openalex.org/W3172983489","https://openalex.org/W3199116609","https://openalex.org/W3204308155","https://openalex.org/W3205428400","https://openalex.org/W4205833427","https://openalex.org/W4210394375","https://openalex.org/W4210879561","https://openalex.org/W4229797650","https://openalex.org/W4285197305","https://openalex.org/W4285794683","https://openalex.org/W4296708208","https://openalex.org/W4308866269","https://openalex.org/W4311258296","https://openalex.org/W4312466007","https://openalex.org/W4318483392","https://openalex.org/W4322503613","https://openalex.org/W4361757154","https://openalex.org/W4366149108","https://openalex.org/W4366438847","https://openalex.org/W4380680641","https://openalex.org/W4388579758","https://openalex.org/W4390938914","https://openalex.org/W4392746676","https://openalex.org/W4392774998","https://openalex.org/W4393139955","https://openalex.org/W4396753559","https://openalex.org/W4396879153","https://openalex.org/W4399468173","https://openalex.org/W4401337961","https://openalex.org/W4401806242","https://openalex.org/W4401880132","https://openalex.org/W4401990766","https://openalex.org/W4402742553","https://openalex.org/W4409010533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024335852","https://openalex.org/W2348542094","https://openalex.org/W2170954560","https://openalex.org/W2072356891","https://openalex.org/W4312732818","https://openalex.org/W2569604092","https://openalex.org/W2773932882","https://openalex.org/W2165157405","https://openalex.org/W2097842859","https://openalex.org/W2804688709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"systems":[4,189],"have":[5],"gained":[6],"increasing":[7],"importance":[8],"in":[9,34,66,101,150,172],"applications":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"target":[13],"detection,":[14],"tracking,":[15],"and":[16,21,38,78,97,120,143,155,193],"wireless":[17],"communications,":[18],"where":[19],"accurate":[20],"efficient":[22,61],"direction-of-arrival":[23],"(DOA)":[24],"estimation":[25],"is":[26,164],"crucial.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,71,79,87,108,117,122,130,133,159,167],"high":[30,88,191],"computational":[31,89,109,156,195],"complexity":[32,90],"involved":[33],"estimating":[35],"both":[36],"azimuth":[37],"elevation":[39],"angles":[40],"using":[41],"massive":[42,67,102,186],"antenna":[43],"arrays":[44],"poses":[45],"a":[46,113],"significant":[47],"challenge":[48],"for":[49,60,135,183],"real-time":[50,185],"implementation.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,173],"paper,":[54],"two":[55],"novel":[56],"approaches":[57,85,147,177],"are":[58,148,178],"proposed":[59,176],"active":[62],"azimuth-elevation":[63],"DOA":[64],"estimations":[65],"MIMO":[68,103,187],"radar":[69,188],"systems:":[70],"onedimensional":[72],"(1D)":[73],"spatial":[74,80],"searches":[75,96,137],"approach":[76,82],"(1D-SSA)":[77],"searchless":[81],"(SSLA).":[83],"These":[84],"address":[86],"typically":[91],"associated":[92],"with":[93,166,190],"multi-dimensional":[94],"spectral":[95,123,136],"solving":[98],"optimization":[99],"problems":[100],"systems.":[104],"The":[105,175],"1D-SSA":[106],"reduces":[107],"burden":[110],"by":[111,139],"creating":[112],"special":[114],"arrangement":[115],"of":[116,152,161],"collected":[118],"data":[119],"breaking":[121],"search":[124],"into":[125],"multiple":[126],"1D":[127],"searches,":[128],"while":[129],"SSLA":[131],"eliminates":[132],"need":[134],"entirely":[138],"leveraging":[140],"structured":[141],"subarrays":[142],"eigendecomposition":[144],"techniques.":[145],"Both":[146],"evaluated":[149],"terms":[151],"accuracy,":[153],"resolution":[154],"efficiency.":[157],"Also,":[158],"performance":[160],"different":[162],"methods":[163],"compared":[165],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[168],"bounds":[169],"(CRBs)":[170],"derived":[171],"paper.":[174],"shown":[179],"to":[180],"be":[181],"well-suited":[182],"near":[184],"accuracy":[192],"reduced":[194],"overhead.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
