{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411799506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330","title":"Secure Beamforming With IRS-Enhanced Phase Shifting for ISAC Systems","display_name":"Secure Beamforming With IRS-Enhanced Phase Shifting for ISAC Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411799506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645267","display_name":"Zhiyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-9862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103173026","display_name":"Yaoqiang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-3086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoqiang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379939","display_name":"Yuqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-1619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033008230","display_name":"Yonghong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-105X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606009","display_name":"Sumei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100645267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18833685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"19513","last_page":"19522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6895083785057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5070328712463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4766857624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42510172724723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37093234062194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3330806493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.309041827917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14456552267074585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6895083785057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5070328712463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4766857624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42510172724723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37093234062194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3330806493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.309041827917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14456552267074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3584330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207546196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5953748765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202306130099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8965725283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ30170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518039036","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2542194228","https://openalex.org/W2566769952","https://openalex.org/W2883158069","https://openalex.org/W2912522929","https://openalex.org/W2939448529","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2955133642","https://openalex.org/W2963166698","https://openalex.org/W2963688708","https://openalex.org/W2964202652","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2972820227","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2993809815","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3007818106","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3024101484","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3093929720","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3183034622","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4210730560","https://openalex.org/W4211189800","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4226115187","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4312310910","https://openalex.org/W4323338679","https://openalex.org/W4379116905","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4386447108","https://openalex.org/W4386453459","https://openalex.org/W4388837980","https://openalex.org/W4390692033","https://openalex.org/W4399039546","https://openalex.org/W4400188121","https://openalex.org/W4405908094","https://openalex.org/W4411600920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,171],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"secure":[5,53],"transmission":[6],"schemes":[7],"at":[8],"the":[9,77,108,112,131,140,151,160,166,192,207],"physical":[10],"layer":[11],"of":[12,126,144,199,209],"an":[13,174],"intelligent":[14],"reflecting":[15],"surface":[16],"(IRS)-aided":[17],"integrated":[18],"sensing":[19,102,116],"and":[20,35,64,118,130,133,159,184,204],"communication":[21,85,109,132],"(ISAC)":[22],"system,":[23],"where":[24],"a":[25,41],"base":[26],"station":[27],"(BS)":[28],"simultaneously":[29,68,205],"communicates":[30],"with":[31,107],"multiple":[32,37],"legitimate":[33,202],"users":[34,158,203],"senses":[36],"malicious":[38,97,167],"eavesdroppers":[39],"using":[40],"multi-user":[42],"multi-eavesdropper":[43],"multi-input":[44],"single-output":[45],"(MU-ME-MISO)":[46],"configuration.":[47],"A":[48,100,122],"key":[49],"challenge":[50],"in":[51],"designing":[52],"ISAC":[54],"systems":[55],"arises":[56],"from":[57,93,111],"balancing":[58],"effective":[59],"communication,":[60],"precise":[61],"target":[62],"sensing,":[63],"robust":[65],"security":[66],"measures":[67],"under":[69],"practical":[70],"resource":[71],"constraints.":[72],"To":[73,169],"address":[74],"these":[75],"issues,":[76],"IRS":[78,127],"is":[79,104,136,187],"leveraged":[80],"not":[81],"only":[82],"to":[83,89,114,138,148],"enhance":[84,115,197],"performance":[86,117],"but":[87],"also":[88],"prevent":[90,119],"confidential":[91],"information":[92,120,162],"being":[94],"intercepted":[95],"by":[96],"targets.":[98,168],"Furthermore,":[99],"dedicated":[101],"signal":[103,110],"transmitted":[105],"together":[106],"BS":[113],"leakage.":[121],"joint":[123],"optimization":[124,176],"problem":[125],"phase":[128],"shifts":[129],"radar":[134],"beamformers":[135],"formulated":[137],"maximize":[139],"minimum":[141,152],"beampattern":[142],"gain":[143],"all":[145],"targets,":[146],"subject":[147],"constraints":[149],"on":[150,180],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[153],"ratio":[154],"(SINR)":[155],"requirements":[156],"for":[157,165,201],"maximum":[161],"leakage":[163],"tolerance":[164],"solve":[170],"challenging":[172],"problem,":[173],"alternating":[175],"(AO)":[177],"algorithm":[178],"based":[179],"semi-definite":[181],"relaxation":[182],"(SDR)":[183],"Gaussian":[185],"randomization":[186],"proposed.":[188],"Simulation":[189],"results":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"proposed":[193],"scheme":[194],"can":[195],"effectively":[196],"quality":[198],"service":[200],"suppress":[206],"SINR":[208],"eavesdroppers.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}