{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411688330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","title":"Advancing RIS Beamforming Efficiency: Moving Beyond Diagonal Matrix Techniques","display_name":"Advancing RIS Beamforming Efficiency: Moving Beyond Diagonal Matrix Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411688330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091253761","display_name":"Javad Shabanpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Shabanpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-3781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049495080","display_name":"Xuchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-1130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057045477","display_name":"Sergei Kosulnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0160-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergei Kosulnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optenni Ltd., Espoo, Finland","Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0160-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optenni Ltd., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057000275","display_name":"Constantin Simovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-4713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantin Simovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-4713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17912837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"18958","last_page":"18971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.664475679397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6155061721801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46993786096572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.44789278507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3932443857192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3645886778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32014715671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28705376386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2193368673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12480324506759644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.664475679397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6155061721801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46993786096572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44789278507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3932443857192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3645886778831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32014715671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28705376386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2193368673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12480324506759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/137316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/137316","pdf_url":"https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstreams/c62be094-ff7d-4112-a9d7-b9f9cfc68f83/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3583421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5830315594","display_name":"Future Wireless Communications Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Meta-Materials (META WIRELESS)","funder_award_id":"956256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321394","display_name":"Aalto-Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2135584473","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2964223869","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W351236607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"wireless":[1],"propagation":[2],"channels":[3],"is":[4,20],"essential":[5],"for":[6],"advancing":[7],"future":[8],"communication":[9,119],"technologies,":[10],"particularly":[11],"in":[12,104],"dynamic":[13],"vehicular":[14],"environments":[15],"where":[16],"high":[17],"vehicle":[18],"mobility":[19],"a":[21,26,101],"challenge.":[22],"This":[23,116],"paper":[24],"introduces":[25],"novel":[27],"practical":[28,66],"implementation":[29],"of":[30,44,95,126],"reconfigurable":[31],"intelligent":[32],"surfaces":[33],"(RIS)":[34],"that":[35],"achieve":[36],"highly":[37],"efficient":[38],"beamforming,":[39],"significantly":[40],"surpassing":[41],"the":[42,45,53,60,83,92,124,130],"limitations":[43],"conventional":[46],"diagonal":[47,107],"phase":[48],"shift":[49],"approach.":[50],"We":[51,69],"expand":[52],"theoretical":[54],"and":[55,78,114,120],"optimization":[56],"framework":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59],"discrete":[61],"impedance":[62],"model":[63],"to":[64],"accommodate":[65],"design":[67],"scenarios.":[68],"validate":[70],"our":[71,96],"approach":[72],"by":[73,128],"fabricating":[74],"an":[75],"RIS":[76],"prototype":[77],"conducting":[79],"experimental":[80,89],"measurements":[81],"using":[82],"parallel":[84],"plate":[85],"waveguide":[86],"technique.":[87],"The":[88],"results":[90],"confirm":[91],"superior":[93],"performance":[94],"approach,":[97],"demonstrating":[98],"at":[99],"least":[100],"30%":[102],"improvement":[103],"efficiency":[105],"over":[106],"matrix":[108],"methods,":[109],"thereby":[110],"enhancing":[111],"signal":[112],"quality":[113,125],"coverage.":[115],"ensures":[117],"seamless":[118],"ubiquitous":[121],"connectivity,":[122],"improving":[123],"service":[127],"boosting":[129],"received":[131],"signal.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T07:52:08.696243","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
