{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411551315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576","title":"Performance Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411551315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100829017","display_name":"Yong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0433-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0433-7889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042387274","display_name":"Wenfei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-5494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-5494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400403","display_name":"Hongtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-5985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-5985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102004510","display_name":"Lin Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112891561","display_name":"Yijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-1854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023402379","display_name":"Liujun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-912X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liujun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Research Institute, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10633983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"18885","last_page":"18899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4463391602039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3495563864707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34306442737579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27706098556518555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4463391602039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3495563864707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34306442737579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27706098556518555}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3582576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2387752340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L242079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4019497110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4242007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4047505178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034420299","https://openalex.org/W2104557602","https://openalex.org/W2295212900","https://openalex.org/W2783993409","https://openalex.org/W2891005664","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2981174761","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W2999318310","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3016325548","https://openalex.org/W3080469715","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3164853202","https://openalex.org/W3172000194","https://openalex.org/W3176832245","https://openalex.org/W3197523458","https://openalex.org/W4205299120","https://openalex.org/W4285196370","https://openalex.org/W4308273107","https://openalex.org/W4323644043","https://openalex.org/W4387883754","https://openalex.org/W4388109914","https://openalex.org/W4388754883","https://openalex.org/W4400771762","https://openalex.org/W4403511061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4404995717","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W4404725684","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W4409278740","https://openalex.org/W2898370298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploiting":[0],"intelligent":[1],"reflecting":[2,69,102,169,196],"surface":[3],"(IRS)":[4],"technology":[5],"in":[6,24],"heterogeneous":[7],"networks":[8],"(HetNets)":[9],"could":[10],"significantly":[11],"improve":[12],"spectrum":[13],"efficiency.":[14],"However,":[15],"IRS":[16,86,101,128,168,195,210,264],"reconstructing":[17],"power":[18,98,130,174],"distribution":[19,131],"exacerbates":[20],"network":[21],"irregularity,":[22],"particularly":[23],"HetNets":[25,43],"with":[26,44],"cross-tier":[27,165],"interference,":[28],"making":[29],"system":[30,39,225,248],"performance":[31,40],"analysis":[32],"a":[33,68,153],"complex":[34],"challenge.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"analyzes":[38],"of":[41,54,72,91,190,239,258],"IRS-assisted":[42,121],"IRS-aware":[45],"flexible":[46],"cell":[47,79,122],"association,":[48],"where":[49,164,194],"IRSs":[50],"extend":[51],"the":[52,96,113,119,133,147,184,207,255],"coverage":[53,226,249],"small":[55],"base":[56,64,92],"stations":[57,65,93],"(SBSs)":[58],"and":[59,78,88,118,132,151,159,183,198,206,212,236,241,263],"offload":[60],"users":[61],"from":[62],"macro":[63],"(MBSs)":[66],"through":[67,167],"beamforming":[70,103,197],"gain":[71,99,201],"O(<italic":[73],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[74,76,107,137,216,269,271],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i><sup":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>),":[77],"selection":[80],"is":[81,110,125,170,175,228,260,267],"dynamically":[82],"adjusted":[83],"based":[84],"on":[85],"parameters":[87],"relative":[89],"locations":[90,238],"(BSs).":[94],"Specifically,":[95],"channel":[97,234],"by":[100,112,230],"under":[104],"Nakagami-":[105],"<italic":[106,136,215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m</i>":[108],"fading":[109,235],"obtained":[111],"central":[114],"limit":[115],"theorem":[116],"(CLT),":[117],"modified":[120],"association":[123],"probability":[124,227,250],"derived":[126,229],"considering":[127],"reconstructs":[129],"bias":[134,160,256],"factor":[135,161,214,257],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Bs</i>.":[138],"In":[139],"addition,":[140],"MBSs/SBSs":[141],"are":[142,192,202],"randomly":[143],"located":[144],"according":[145],"to":[146],"Poisson":[148],"point":[149],"process":[150],"have":[152],"particular":[154],"transmit":[155],"power,":[156],"spatial":[157],"density,":[158],"towards":[162],"users,":[163],"interference":[166,191],"modeled.":[171],"The":[172],"signal":[173],"achieved":[176],"using":[177],"Gamma":[178],"approximation":[179],"via":[180],"moment":[181],"matching":[182],"Laplace":[185],"transforms":[186],"for":[187],"both":[188,233],"tiers":[189],"obtained,":[193],"random":[199,237],"scattering":[200],"taken":[203],"into":[204],"account":[205],"trade-off":[208],"between":[209],"deployment":[211,265],"biasing":[213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">B":[217],"s</i>":[218],"can":[219],"be":[220,252],"exploited.":[221],"Using":[222],"stochastic":[223],"geometry,":[224],"averaging":[231],"over":[232],"active":[240],"passive":[242],"nodes.":[243],"Analytical":[244],"results":[245],"show":[246],"that":[247],"will":[251],"optimized":[253],"when":[254],"SBS":[259],"5":[261],"dB":[262],"density":[266],"100/<italic":[268],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">km</i><sup":[270],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T00:32:22.182498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}