{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410295630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179","title":"Hierarchical Federated Learning in Multi-Hop Cluster-Based VANETs","display_name":"Hierarchical Federated Learning in Multi-Hop Cluster-Based VANETs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410295630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093766774","display_name":"M. Saeid HaghighiFard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-4773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Saeid HaghighiFard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-4773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063874470","display_name":"Sinem \u00c7\u00f6leri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-3122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinem Coleri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-3122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093766774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98306362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"10","first_page":"15371","last_page":"15385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442397236824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.515098512172699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.4753313362598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.4688851535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.46310585737228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4310522675514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3452022671699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22629687190055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19917333126068115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442397236824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.515098512172699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4753313362598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4688851535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.46310585737228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4310522675514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3452022671699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22629687190055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19917333126068115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3569179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3933483127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"119C058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7981492298","display_name":"Ford Otomotiv Sanayi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003151772","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2033520834","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2422659833","https://openalex.org/W2928400613","https://openalex.org/W2942773757","https://openalex.org/W3001299093","https://openalex.org/W3015613093","https://openalex.org/W3019945581","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3080934299","https://openalex.org/W3091635927","https://openalex.org/W3101755493","https://openalex.org/W3104631511","https://openalex.org/W3112379500","https://openalex.org/W3121875928","https://openalex.org/W3133434317","https://openalex.org/W3139707578","https://openalex.org/W3143519386","https://openalex.org/W3171189420","https://openalex.org/W3187661226","https://openalex.org/W3208393290","https://openalex.org/W3215079859","https://openalex.org/W4212984905","https://openalex.org/W4229029907","https://openalex.org/W4285611407","https://openalex.org/W4309227909","https://openalex.org/W4375798915","https://openalex.org/W4390576784","https://openalex.org/W4390659130","https://openalex.org/W4391806767","https://openalex.org/W4391935926","https://openalex.org/W4402475161","https://openalex.org/W4402834325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W3046260513","https://openalex.org/W2998294818","https://openalex.org/W45347327","https://openalex.org/W2020269557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81],"usage":[1],"of":[2,22,36,57,88,96,147,171,210],"federated":[3,74,190],"learning":[4,75,191],"(FL)":[5],"in":[6,16,42,120],"Vehicular":[7],"Ad":[8],"hoc":[9],"Networks":[10],"(VANET)":[11],"has":[12,195],"garnered":[13],"significant":[14],"interest":[15],"research":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,62,104,143,160,175,198,214],"the":[20,54,89,125,137,154,161,165,169,187],"advantages":[21],"reducing":[23],"transmission":[24],"overhead":[25,212],"and":[26,53,93,109,130,201,219],"protecting":[27],"user":[28],"privacy":[29],"by":[30,152],"communicating":[31],"local":[32],"dataset":[33],"gradients":[34],"instead":[35],"raw":[37],"data.":[38],"However,":[39],"implementing":[40],"FL":[41,97,157],"VANETs":[43],"faces":[44],"challenges,":[45],"including":[46],"limited":[47],"communication":[48],"resources,":[49],"high":[50,110],"vehicle":[51,111],"mobility,":[52],"statistical":[55],"diversity":[56,108],"data":[58,107,134],"distributions.":[59],"In":[60],"order":[61],"tackle":[63],"these":[64],"issues,":[65],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"introduces":[68],"a":[69,85,101,140],"novel":[70,141],"framework":[71,138],"for":[72],"hierarchical":[73,189],"(HFL)":[76],"over":[77,192],"multi-hop":[78],"clustering-based":[79],"VANET.":[80,221],"proposed":[82,166,188,216],"method":[83],"utilizes":[84],"weighted":[86],"combination":[87],"average":[90],"relative":[91],"speed":[92],"cosine":[94],"similarity":[95],"model":[98,158],"parameters":[99],"as":[100],"clustering":[102,217],"metric":[103,114],"consider":[105],"both":[106],"mobility.":[112],"This":[113],"ensures":[115],"convergence":[116,202],"with":[117,128],"minimum":[118],"changes":[119],"cluster":[121,148],"heads":[122,149],"while":[123,205],"tackling":[124],"complexities":[126],"associated":[127,182],"non-independent":[129],"identically":[131],"distributed":[132],"(non-IID)":[133],"scenarios.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"includes":[139],"mechanism":[142],"manage":[144],"seamless":[145],"transitions":[146],"(CHs),":[150],"followed":[151],"transferring":[153],"most":[155],"recent":[156],"parameter":[159],"designated":[162],"CH.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"approach":[167],"considers":[168],"option":[170],"merging":[172],"CHs,":[173],"aiming":[174],"reduce":[176],"their":[177],"count":[178],"and,":[179],"consequently,":[180],"mitigate":[181],"overhead.":[183],"Through":[184],"extensive":[185],"simulations,":[186],"clustered":[193],"VANET":[194],"been":[196],"demonstrated":[197],"improve":[199],"accuracy":[200],"time":[203],"significantly":[204],"maintaining":[206],"an":[207],"acceptable":[208],"level":[209],"packet":[211],"compared":[213],"previously":[215],"algorithms":[218],"non-clustered":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}