{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410204461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377","title":"Exploring Hierarchical Hybrid Autonomous Maneuvering Decision-Making Architecture in Beyond Visual Range Air Combat","display_name":"Exploring Hierarchical Hybrid Autonomous Maneuvering Decision-Making Architecture in Beyond Visual Range Air Combat","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410204461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112841131","display_name":"Wenfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-724X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehical Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-724X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehical Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114177175","display_name":"Le Ru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4711-3991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehical Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4711-3991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehical Engineering School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684874","display_name":"Maolong Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-2399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maolong Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-2399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014119994","display_name":"Yueqi Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueqi Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-3526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Traffic Control and Navigation School, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107885044","display_name":"H. Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-8257"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Blue Sky Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Blue Sky Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98071799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"10","first_page":"15491","last_page":"15506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6240944266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5413285493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5122765898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-combat","display_name":"Air combat","score":0.42962098121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39489829540252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39352157711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.34171056747436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.33006852865219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32300108671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.24920359253883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.22381067276000977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6240944266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5413285493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5122765898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988296547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471145","display_name":"Air combat","level":2,"score":0.42962098121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39489829540252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39352157711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.34171056747436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33006852865219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32300108671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.24920359253883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.22381067276000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3568377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985531813","https://openalex.org/W2055122450","https://openalex.org/W2061724984","https://openalex.org/W2062799716","https://openalex.org/W2515894276","https://openalex.org/W2766167653","https://openalex.org/W2905334533","https://openalex.org/W2930230667","https://openalex.org/W2948172276","https://openalex.org/W2964279222","https://openalex.org/W3015082424","https://openalex.org/W3016392643","https://openalex.org/W3043128058","https://openalex.org/W3157025383","https://openalex.org/W3195968524","https://openalex.org/W3201745857","https://openalex.org/W3211433726","https://openalex.org/W4213329433","https://openalex.org/W4229376254","https://openalex.org/W4285108207","https://openalex.org/W4301431674","https://openalex.org/W4313641637","https://openalex.org/W4323767294","https://openalex.org/W4375929017","https://openalex.org/W4380520220","https://openalex.org/W4386028916","https://openalex.org/W4386397702","https://openalex.org/W4387458840","https://openalex.org/W4390450423","https://openalex.org/W4402389672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357362621","https://openalex.org/W2389226085","https://openalex.org/W2384163530","https://openalex.org/W2134918767","https://openalex.org/W2385890559","https://openalex.org/W4296869316","https://openalex.org/W2350452386","https://openalex.org/W2370164602","https://openalex.org/W4283164305","https://openalex.org/W2370690101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,93,134],"beyond":[3,58,96,122,179],"visual":[4,59,97,123,180],"range":[5,60,98,124,181],"air":[6,53,61,68,83,99,103,109,125,140,182],"combat":[7,54,69,84,104,110,141,183],"presents":[8],"several":[9],"notable":[10],"challenges,":[11,89],"including":[12],"numerous":[13],"elements,":[14],"nonlinear":[15],"coupling":[16],"of":[17,26,52,67,146],"dynamic":[18,50],"models,":[19],"and":[20,76,106,153,172,190],"complex":[21],"changes":[22],"in":[23,39,82,139,177],"the":[24,27,49,64,78,102,127,144,147,163],"dynamics":[25],"game.":[28],"Directly":[29],"applying":[30],"traditional":[31],"algorithms":[32],"to":[33,47],"address":[34,87],"these":[35,88],"challenges":[36],"can":[37],"result":[38],"an":[40,108],"extensive":[41],"solution":[42],"space,":[43],"making":[44],"it":[45,186],"difficult":[46],"elucidate":[48],"process":[51,81,105],"confrontation.":[55],"One-versus-one":[56],"(1V1)":[57],"combat,":[62,100,126],"as":[63],"foundational":[65],"level":[66],"research,":[70],"holds":[71],"significant":[72],"importance":[73],"for":[74,121],"analyzing":[75,101],"understanding":[77],"game":[79,150,157],"confrontation":[80,149],"scenarios.":[85,184],"To":[86],"this":[90],"paper":[91,128],"focuses":[92],"1V1":[94],"two-plane":[95,148,178],"constructing":[107],"decision-making":[111,119,131,165,170],"model.":[112],"Building":[113],"upon":[114],"a":[115,130,174],"typical":[116],"hierarchical":[117],"hybrid":[118],"architecture":[120],"develops":[129],"method":[132,166],"based":[133],"rule-driven":[135],"state":[136],"transition":[137],"behavior":[138],"games.":[142],"Additionally,":[143],"evolution":[145],"is":[151],"analyzed":[152],"studied":[154],"using":[155],"evolutionary":[156],"theory.":[158],"Simulation":[159],"results":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"that":[162],"proposed":[164],"exhibits":[167],"strong":[168],"autonomous":[169],"capabilities":[171],"provides":[173],"competitive":[175],"edge":[176],"Furthermore,":[185],"offers":[187],"good":[188],"interpretability":[189],"logical":[191],"coherence.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}