{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411086685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207","title":"Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Secure Energy Efficiency in Wireless Network","display_name":"Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Secure Energy Efficiency in Wireless Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411086685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068307922","display_name":"Yiyang Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235331625","display_name":"Jiangsu Second Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e6ytg41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235331625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-6854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235331625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingkai Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1353-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingkai Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1353-2799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390094","display_name":"Haitao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922091","display_name":"Yaxuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-4711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-4711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101077575","display_name":"Wenxue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-5320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-5320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046428517","display_name":"Longze Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longze Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7407-8977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91090599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"9","first_page":"14985","last_page":"14990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13924","display_name":"Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions","score":0.5608999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13924","display_name":"Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions","score":0.5608999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.5601000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5464181303977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5373536348342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4969477951526642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4789453148841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4291415214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.42456716299057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37747859954833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3507184386253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3473980724811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3277195692062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.275909423828125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5464181303977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5373536348342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4969477951526642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4789453148841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4291415214538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.42456716299057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37747859954833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3507184386253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3473980724811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3277195692062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.275909423828125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2637521528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3389102418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2023022-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7290676604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92367302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766922107","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3165448662","https://openalex.org/W4294068592","https://openalex.org/W4296704797","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4361799148","https://openalex.org/W4365800547","https://openalex.org/W4367032240","https://openalex.org/W4385731889","https://openalex.org/W4387790048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2295628284","https://openalex.org/W145760256","https://openalex.org/W2028086369","https://openalex.org/W2123841989","https://openalex.org/W2129477171","https://openalex.org/W2110892966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,45,54,67,96,100],"potential":[8],"technology":[9],"for":[10],"the":[11,19,24,37,51,80,85,93,106,110,116,121,133,144],"design":[12],"of":[13,39,53,105],"6G":[14],"wireless":[15],"communication":[16],"systems.":[17],"However,":[18],"\u201cdouble":[20],"fading\u201d":[21],"effect":[22],"in":[23,50],"principal":[25],"reflection":[26,87],"link":[27],"limits":[28],"its":[29],"practical":[30],"development.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,119],"explore":[36],"use":[38],"active":[40],"RIS":[41],"(ARIS)":[42],"to":[43,109,131,142],"enhance":[44],"downlink":[46],"multiple-input-single-output":[47],"(MISO)":[48],"system":[49],"presence":[52],"single":[55],"eavesdropper":[56],"(Eve)":[57],"whose":[58],"channel":[59],"state":[60],"information":[61],"(CSI)":[62],"is":[63,75,112,140],"imperfect.":[64],"We":[65,90],"fomulate":[66],"secure":[68],"energy":[69],"efficiency":[70],"(SEE)":[71],"maximization":[72],"problem":[73],"which":[74],"addressed":[76],"by":[77,114],"jointly":[78],"optimizing":[79],"BS":[81],"transmit":[82],"beamforming":[83],"and":[84,127],"ARIS":[86],"coefficient":[88],"matrix.":[89],"first":[91],"decompose":[92],"SEE":[94],"into":[95],"linear":[97],"function":[98],"exploiting":[99],"quadratic":[101],"transform.":[102],"The":[103],"uncertainty":[104],"channels":[107],"related":[108],"Eve":[111],"approximated":[113],"using":[115],"S-Procedure.":[117],"Then,":[118],"apply":[120],"successive":[122],"convex":[123],"approximation":[124],"(SCA)":[125],"technique":[126],"semidefinite":[128],"relaxation":[129],"(SDR)":[130],"handle":[132],"non-convexity.":[134],"An":[135],"alternating":[136],"optimization":[137],"(AO)":[138],"framework":[139],"proposed":[141],"address":[143],"coupled":[145],"variables.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}