{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410087561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169","title":"Consensus Control of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Providing Performance-Based Frequency Regulation Service","display_name":"Consensus Control of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Providing Performance-Based Frequency Regulation Service","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410087561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084638342","display_name":"Shuang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-9887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-9887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996664","display_name":"Chenhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-4213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-8021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42999171","display_name":"Sophia University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nckkm68","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42999171"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and applied Science, School of Sophia university, Tokyo, Japan","School of Sophia university Department of Engineering and applied Science, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-8021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and applied Science, School of Sophia university, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42999171"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sophia university Department of Engineering and applied Science, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42999171"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanbo Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-6892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-6892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65438648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"9","first_page":"13809","last_page":"13820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5235956907272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4922694265842438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4857333302497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.47240203619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.45572274923324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39581066370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.370685338973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3626936376094818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.355598509311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.23560458421707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.12027916312217712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5235956907272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4922694265842438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4857333302497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.47240203619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45572274923324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39581066370010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.370685338973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3626936376094818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.355598509311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23560458421707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.12027916312217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3565169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523664651","https://openalex.org/W1892433295","https://openalex.org/W2034099522","https://openalex.org/W2092629338","https://openalex.org/W2343276146","https://openalex.org/W2345926474","https://openalex.org/W2753767989","https://openalex.org/W2797614079","https://openalex.org/W2899566654","https://openalex.org/W2950787972","https://openalex.org/W2961565430","https://openalex.org/W2969858376","https://openalex.org/W2982111798","https://openalex.org/W3011939356","https://openalex.org/W3026560849","https://openalex.org/W3042507449","https://openalex.org/W3117479277","https://openalex.org/W3133017488","https://openalex.org/W3155716642","https://openalex.org/W3166031200","https://openalex.org/W3169679719","https://openalex.org/W3197692444","https://openalex.org/W3203013586","https://openalex.org/W4289822411","https://openalex.org/W4313035290","https://openalex.org/W4361828661","https://openalex.org/W4392397289","https://openalex.org/W4396596488","https://openalex.org/W4396782812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382087633","https://openalex.org/W2472798105","https://openalex.org/W2347572285","https://openalex.org/W2253485413","https://openalex.org/W3163241841","https://openalex.org/W2571827127","https://openalex.org/W3125878227","https://openalex.org/W4385671734","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2162365590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"storage":[1,35],"plays":[2],"a":[3,43,138],"significant":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,65,168],"the":[7,66,82,88,93,96,107,113,122,131,159,164,169,177,188,194],"modern":[8],"power":[9,37,75,110,140,195],"grid":[10],"with":[11,54,143],"high":[12],"penetration":[13],"of":[14,22,68,76,99,116,126,130,153,180,191],"intermittent":[15],"renewable":[16],"energy":[17,34],"sources.":[18],"The":[19,59,73,103,128,151],"flexible":[20],"charging":[21,49,71,74,101,124,145,189],"numerous":[23],"grid-connected":[24],"electric":[25],"vehicles":[26],"(EVs)":[27],"is":[28,63,135,156],"exploited":[29],"to":[30,80,92,112],"act":[31],"as":[32],"mobile":[33],"for":[36,47],"balancing":[38],"services.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"consensus-based":[44],"control":[45,61,133],"strategy":[46,62,134],"EV":[48,70,100,118,144],"stations":[50,146],"providing":[51],"frequency":[52,83,108,154,181],"regulation":[53,84,109,114,155,182],"limited":[55],"communication":[56],"among":[57],"neighbors.":[58],"multi-layer":[60],"operated":[64],"agent":[67],"each":[69,117],"station.":[72],"EVs":[77,192],"are":[78],"controlled":[79],"track":[81],"signals":[85],"depending":[86],"on":[87,137,148],"capacity":[89],"bid":[90],"submitted":[91],"market":[94,166],"within":[95],"adjustable":[97],"range":[98],"power.":[102],"algorithm":[104],"also":[105],"allocates":[106],"according":[111],"capability":[115],"station":[119],"while":[120],"satisfying":[121],"diverse":[123],"needs":[125],"EVs.":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"proposed":[132],"investigated":[136],"typical":[139],"distribution":[141],"network":[142,196],"scattered":[147],"several":[149],"feeders.":[150],"quality":[152],"assessed":[157],"by":[158,163],"performance":[160],"indicators":[161],"specified":[162],"PJM":[165],"(ISO":[167],"United":[170],"States).":[171],"A":[172],"high-performance":[173],"score":[174],"that":[175],"guarantees":[176],"entire":[178],"payment":[179],"can":[183],"be":[184],"achieved":[185],"without":[186],"violating":[187],"demand":[190],"and":[193],"constraints.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}