{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411337057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769","title":"Toward Interference-Tolerant Automatic Modulation Recognition via Multi-Stage Feature Extraction Network","display_name":"Toward Interference-Tolerant Automatic Modulation Recognition via Multi-Stage Feature Extraction Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411337057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062527700","display_name":"Xiaochuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-5953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Changcheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5926-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changcheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yingqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-7009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010366890","display_name":"Tianyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-4489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TianYu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113400333","display_name":"Jike Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137506752","display_name":"North China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z4wmb81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jike Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458455","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062527700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137506752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06522534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"8","first_page":"12629","last_page":"12640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6957122683525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.634526252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5168821811676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.485588014125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48041701316833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47728410363197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4624592959880829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.45996055006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.45306098461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.42010512948036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3874662518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3369573950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26328355073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19712671637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12403377890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09954339265823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09824523329734802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6957122683525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.634526252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5168821811676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.485588014125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48041701316833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47728410363197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4624592959880829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.45996055006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45306098461151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.42010512948036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3874662518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3369573950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26328355073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19712671637535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12403377890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09954339265823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09824523329734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3555769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2754938550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2793321858","https://openalex.org/W2796651424","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2963809753","https://openalex.org/W3020765022","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3038716110","https://openalex.org/W3101503122","https://openalex.org/W3131169892","https://openalex.org/W3193513114","https://openalex.org/W3203455242","https://openalex.org/W4225968213","https://openalex.org/W4286255690","https://openalex.org/W4288391531","https://openalex.org/W4293095126","https://openalex.org/W4313315807","https://openalex.org/W4315836532","https://openalex.org/W4321503824","https://openalex.org/W4323338327","https://openalex.org/W4375869042","https://openalex.org/W4379931762","https://openalex.org/W4382407401","https://openalex.org/W4386101135","https://openalex.org/W4386634503","https://openalex.org/W4387010052","https://openalex.org/W4387145975","https://openalex.org/W4387623760","https://openalex.org/W4388818700","https://openalex.org/W4390659928","https://openalex.org/W4391547481","https://openalex.org/W4391807509","https://openalex.org/W4394862802","https://openalex.org/W4400770847","https://openalex.org/W6780197826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965572316","https://openalex.org/W2112220318","https://openalex.org/W2154610955","https://openalex.org/W2073717954","https://openalex.org/W2147228188","https://openalex.org/W2948594896","https://openalex.org/W2142969332","https://openalex.org/W4387802643","https://openalex.org/W2137138024","https://openalex.org/W1526855498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1,38],"recognition":[2,41,134],"(AMR)":[3],"is":[4,52],"critical":[5],"for":[6],"enhancing":[7],"communication":[8],"system":[9],"performance":[10],"and":[11,68,94,102,114,123],"spectrum":[12],"utilization":[13],"in":[14,71,133],"complex":[15],"environments.":[16],"However,":[17],"existing":[18],"deep":[19,98],"learning-based":[20],"AMR":[21,56,106],"methods":[22],"face":[23],"significant":[24],"challenges":[25],"under":[26,137],"the":[27,72,105,121,138],"low":[28],"signal-to-noise":[29],"ratio":[30],"(LSNR)":[31],"condition,":[32],"where":[33],"noise":[34],"interference":[35],"severely":[36],"distorts":[37],"characteristics,":[39],"reducing":[40],"accuracy.":[42],"To":[43],"address":[44],"this":[45],"issue,":[46],"multi-stage":[47],"feature":[48,91,100],"extraction":[49,92],"network":[50],"(MFENet)":[51],"proposed,":[53],"an":[54],"interference-tolerant":[55],"model":[57],"designed":[58],"to":[59,78],"improve":[60],"LSNR":[61,139],"performance.":[62],"MFENet":[63,128],"integrates":[64],"Fast":[65],"Fourier":[66],"Transform":[67],"convolutional":[69],"filters":[70],"Modulation":[73],"Signal":[74],"Preprocessing":[75],"(MSP)":[76],"module":[77],"enhance":[79],"spectral":[80],"features.":[81],"The":[82],"Multi-stage":[83],"Feature":[84],"Extraction":[85],"(MFE)":[86],"module,":[87],"incorporating":[88],"multi-scale":[89],"sandglass,":[90],"stem,":[93],"Res2-Attention":[95],"Block,":[96],"enables":[97],"cross-scale":[99],"fusion":[101],"extraction.":[103],"Finally,":[104],"classifier":[107],"refines":[108],"these":[109],"features":[110],"using":[111],"channel":[112],"attention":[113],"a":[115],"multilayer":[116],"perceptron.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"on":[120],"RML2016.10a":[122],"RML2016.10b":[124],"datasets":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"significantly":[129],"outperforms":[130],"state-of-the-art":[131],"models":[132],"accuracy,":[135],"especially":[136],"condition.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
