{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408779353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625","title":"Cooperative Transmission for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: A Multi-Agent Cooperation Method","display_name":"Cooperative Transmission for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: A Multi-Agent Cooperation Method","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408779353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712675","display_name":"Lei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-8013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-8013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643633","display_name":"Xiaoqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-514X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-514X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086335553","display_name":"Gang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061463859","display_name":"Youkun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-4490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youkun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-4490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103062487","display_name":"Shuang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9264-6850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q.S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100712675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96702744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"8","first_page":"12879","last_page":"12894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5306991934776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4934145510196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46275684237480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3246626853942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3087649643421173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29990553855895996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5306991934776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4934145510196686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46275684237480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3246626853942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3087649643421173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29990553855895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3553625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4983605057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24NSFSC1417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5832324902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2256420211","https://openalex.org/W2769313250","https://openalex.org/W2886509985","https://openalex.org/W2896977747","https://openalex.org/W2946215477","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2969525674","https://openalex.org/W2989872587","https://openalex.org/W3002346944","https://openalex.org/W3011376717","https://openalex.org/W3039539730","https://openalex.org/W3044817033","https://openalex.org/W3047437288","https://openalex.org/W3080511272","https://openalex.org/W3082622020","https://openalex.org/W3085794392","https://openalex.org/W3089283090","https://openalex.org/W3093980922","https://openalex.org/W3103408716","https://openalex.org/W3105649577","https://openalex.org/W3116000233","https://openalex.org/W3134103048","https://openalex.org/W3159346561","https://openalex.org/W3169817290","https://openalex.org/W3179018212","https://openalex.org/W3204187047","https://openalex.org/W3209738630","https://openalex.org/W3212813280","https://openalex.org/W3213889621","https://openalex.org/W4221052923","https://openalex.org/W4289824408","https://openalex.org/W4290996330","https://openalex.org/W4312256454","https://openalex.org/W4312297846","https://openalex.org/W4312315462","https://openalex.org/W4313189740","https://openalex.org/W4327767969","https://openalex.org/W4372037215","https://openalex.org/W4387870363","https://openalex.org/W4388206720","https://openalex.org/W4396506414","https://openalex.org/W4402217167","https://openalex.org/W6691861496","https://openalex.org/W6755326576","https://openalex.org/W6766805167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,9],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"have":[4,91],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"as":[8,154],"relays":[10],"for":[11],"satellite-to-terrestrial":[12],"transmission":[13,66,145],"so":[14],"that":[15],"data":[16,42,216],"packets":[17],"can":[18],"be":[19,48],"delivered":[20],"either":[21],"directly":[22],"from":[23],"satellites":[24],"to":[25,75,127,182],"user":[26],"equipments":[27],"(UEs)":[28],"or":[29],"relayed":[30],"via":[31],"UAVs.":[32],"To":[33,164],"exploit":[34],"the":[35,61,142,196],"advantages":[36],"of":[37,198,203,213],"such":[38,96],"space-aerial":[39],"cooperative":[40],"transmission,":[41,43],"and":[44,68,80,104,157,206,217],"resource":[45,70,150,218],"allocation":[46,71,151],"should":[47],"jointly":[49],"optimized":[50],"under":[51,208],"constrained":[52],"resources":[53],"in":[54,94,100,111,211],"dynamic":[55],"space-air-ground":[56],"integrated":[57],"networks":[58],"(SAGINs).":[59],"However,":[60],"tight":[62],"coupling":[63],"between":[64],"discrete":[65,144],"strategies":[67],"continuous":[69],"among":[72,167],"users":[73],"leads":[74],"a":[76,120,136,169,179,201],"challenging":[77],"long-term,":[78],"large-scale,":[79],"non-convex":[81],"optimization":[82],"problem.":[83],"While":[84],"existing":[85],"multi-agent":[86,107,170],"reinforcement":[87],"learning":[88],"(MARL)":[89],"techniques":[90],"exhibited":[92],"potential":[93],"addressing":[95],"problems,":[97],"their":[98],"limitations":[99],"handling":[101],"discrete-continuous":[102],"decisions":[103],"ensuring":[105],"robust":[106],"cooperation":[108,166,171],"often":[109],"result":[110],"significant":[112],"performance":[113],"deterioration.":[114],"In":[115,131],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118],"propose":[119],"new":[121],"MARL-based":[122],"Cooperative":[123],"Transmission":[124],"Strategy":[125],"(MCTS)":[126],"overcome":[128],"these":[129],"limitations.":[130],"MCTS,":[132],"each":[133],"agent":[134],"employs":[135],"hybrid":[137],"Actor-Critic":[138],"(H-AC)":[139],"algorithm,":[140],"where":[141],"optimal":[143,187],"strategy":[146],"with":[147],"its":[148],"associated":[149],"is":[152,173],"modeled":[153],"parameterized":[155],"actions":[156],"determined":[158],"by":[159],"an":[160],"improved":[161],"AC":[162],"structure.":[163],"enhance":[165],"agents,":[168],"framework":[172],"designed":[174],"based":[175],"on":[176],"QMIX,":[177],"employing":[178],"centralized":[180],"Critic":[181],"efficiently":[183],"guide":[184],"convergence":[185],"toward":[186],"solutions":[188],"while":[189],"reducing":[190],"computational":[191],"complexity.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"superiority":[197],"MCTS":[199],"over":[200],"number":[202],"benchmark":[204],"algorithms":[205],"efficiency":[207],"various":[209],"environments,":[210],"terms":[212],"overall":[214],"transmitted":[215],"utilization.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
