{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407455006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387","title":"Fundamental Diagram Modeling of Mixed Traffic Flow Considering Dedicated Lanes for Human-Driven Vehicles","display_name":"Fundamental Diagram Modeling of Mixed Traffic Flow Considering Dedicated Lanes for Human-Driven Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407455006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364929","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-7030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-7030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082654493","display_name":"Z. Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6632-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeqi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061740748","display_name":"Yunxia Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxia Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072624318","display_name":"Yangsheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangsheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-0721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065051957","display_name":"Zhihong Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-2367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistics, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100364929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89788158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"6","first_page":"8808","last_page":"8823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram","display_name":"Diagram","score":0.48382940888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4813145399093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.468847393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3458956480026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11166360974311829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.48382940888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4813145399093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.468847393989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3458956480026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11166360974311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3541387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1030453609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72471200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2550017540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2682023ZTPY034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W2007718857","https://openalex.org/W2084952317","https://openalex.org/W2493168586","https://openalex.org/W2524294774","https://openalex.org/W2583040247","https://openalex.org/W2583284627","https://openalex.org/W2593177387","https://openalex.org/W2766064680","https://openalex.org/W2885067519","https://openalex.org/W2956951036","https://openalex.org/W2977681668","https://openalex.org/W2985292925","https://openalex.org/W3013348505","https://openalex.org/W3034568906","https://openalex.org/W3112606159","https://openalex.org/W3127607081","https://openalex.org/W3155720749","https://openalex.org/W3176572632","https://openalex.org/W3178477648","https://openalex.org/W3184234246","https://openalex.org/W4220805666","https://openalex.org/W4225968265","https://openalex.org/W4283762065","https://openalex.org/W4285132864","https://openalex.org/W4307645254","https://openalex.org/W4312764179","https://openalex.org/W4313419003","https://openalex.org/W4313639152","https://openalex.org/W4319876434","https://openalex.org/W4377141838","https://openalex.org/W4379046680","https://openalex.org/W4382045787","https://openalex.org/W4382927544","https://openalex.org/W4384559093","https://openalex.org/W4385781829","https://openalex.org/W4386143164","https://openalex.org/W4386363151","https://openalex.org/W4386599575","https://openalex.org/W4388676647","https://openalex.org/W4389469354","https://openalex.org/W4389892817","https://openalex.org/W4390651083","https://openalex.org/W4391058042","https://openalex.org/W4398157480","https://openalex.org/W4399360528","https://openalex.org/W4399376981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"mitigate":[1],"the":[2,18,36,43,69,89,95,101,123,136,143,158,162,180,193,200,205,221,227,252,257,276,292,306,317,321,328,341],"impact":[3],"of":[4,20,39,91,97,140,184,195,207,225,230,241,254,260,268,275,296,319,331,343],"human-driven":[5],"vehicles":[6,12],"(HDVs)":[7],"on":[8,61,94,148,157,179,204,220,251,262],"connected":[9],"and":[10,32,42,56,85,115,212,301,348],"automated":[11],"(CAVs)":[13],"in":[14,109,354],"mixed":[15,82,110,124],"traffic":[16,83,111,125,247,282,294,329],"environments,":[17],"implementation":[19],"dedicated":[21,51],"lanes":[22,52,58,261],"has":[23],"been":[24],"proposed":[25],"to":[26,67,87,121,134,191,256,271,316],"achieve":[27],"partial":[28],"separation":[29],"between":[30],"CAVs":[31,41,355],"HDVs,":[33],"thereby":[34],"improving":[35],"operational":[37],"efficiency":[38,96],"both":[40],"road":[44,63,98,159,231,263,297,332,344],"segment.":[45,264],"The":[46,214,239],"lane":[47,129,137,181,196,222],"management":[48],"policy,":[49],"where":[50],"for":[53,81],"HDV":[54],"(HDLs)":[55],"general":[57],"(GLs)":[59],"coexist":[60],"a":[62,76,169,272,312],"segment,":[64],"is":[65,176,189],"referred":[66],"as":[68,289],"(G,":[70,102,144,163,201,277],"H)":[71,103,145,164,202,278],"policy.":[72,104,146],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"proposes":[75],"multi-lane":[77,170],"fundamental":[78,171,210],"diagram":[79,172],"model":[80,173],"flow":[84,112],"aims":[86],"investigate":[88,192],"effects":[90],"HDL":[92,175,255,269,323,339],"configuration":[93,197,324],"segments":[99],"under":[100,142,161,199,245,280],"Firstly,":[105],"different":[106,246,281,286],"car-following":[107,117],"modes":[108],"are":[113,119,132,166],"analyzed,":[114],"various":[116],"models":[118],"employed":[120],"characterize":[122],"flow.":[126],"Secondly,":[127],"two":[128],"selection":[130,182],"principles":[131,183],"introduced":[133],"describe":[135],"choice":[138,223],"behavior":[139,224],"HDVs":[141],"Based":[147,219],"these":[149],"principles,":[150],"five":[151,237],"equilibrium":[152,208,228,243],"states":[153,229],"that":[154],"may":[155],"exist":[156],"segment":[160,232,298,333,345],"policy":[165,203,279],"analyzed.":[167],"Subsequently,":[168],"incorporating":[174],"derived":[177],"based":[178],"HDV.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"numerical":[187],"analysis":[188],"conducted":[190],"influence":[194],"schemes":[198],"distribution":[206,240],"states,":[209],"diagram,":[211],"capacity.":[213],"results":[215],"indicate":[216],"that:":[217],"(1)":[218],"vehicles,":[226],"can":[233,326],"be":[234],"classified":[235],"into":[236],"types.":[238],"each":[242],"state":[244],"conditions":[248],"only":[249],"depends":[250],"proportion":[253],"total":[258],"number":[259,267],"A":[265],"higher":[266],"leads":[270],"reduced":[273],"applicability":[274],"conditions.":[283],"(2)":[284],"Under":[285],"penetration":[287,356],"rates,":[288],"density":[290],"increases,":[291],"overall":[293],"volume":[295,330],"initially":[299,346],"increases":[300,347],"then":[302,349],"decreases":[303,350],"until":[304],"reaching":[305],"critical":[307],"jammed":[308],"density.":[309],"(3)":[310],"In":[311],"three-lane":[313],"scenario,":[314],"compared":[315],"absence":[318],"HDL,":[320],"optimal":[322],"scheme":[325],"increase":[327,353],"by":[334],"approximately":[335],"11%.":[336],"(4)":[337],"With":[338],"deployment,":[340],"capacity":[342],"with":[351],"an":[352],"rate.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}