{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407691001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964","title":"A Learning-Based Stochastic Game for Energy Efficient Optimization of UAV Trajectory and Task Offloading in Space/Aerial Edge Computing","display_name":"A Learning-Based Stochastic Game for Energy Efficient Optimization of UAV Trajectory and Task Offloading in Space/Aerial Edge Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407691001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075577729","display_name":"Jialiuyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialiuyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077508069","display_name":"You Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1632-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120017390","display_name":"Chen Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-1420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043939315","display_name":"Changyan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101885225","display_name":"Yuxiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2850-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063431322","display_name":"Xiangping Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-199X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangping Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000861569","display_name":"Kun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075577729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.3314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99380026,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"6","first_page":"9717","last_page":"9733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9538999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6588394641876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6330664753913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","score":0.6204051375389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5859183669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5007977485656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-game","display_name":"Potential game","score":0.4714428186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.46071869134902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4471922218799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.44121798872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-optimization","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","score":0.4355788826942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41283226013183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4029669463634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32235097885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29454004764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.22813770174980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2213345766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.16723844408988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1363571584224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09844934940338135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6588394641876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6330664753913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.6204051375389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5859183669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5007977485656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288500","display_name":"Potential game","level":3,"score":0.4714428186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.46071869134902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4471922218799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.44121798872947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.4355788826942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41283226013183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4029669463634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32235097885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29454004764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.22813770174980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2213345766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.16723844408988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1363571584224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09844934940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3540964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6217827934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8177994250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20231439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8696985421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058841014","https://openalex.org/W2890056916","https://openalex.org/W2924948991","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W3010038222","https://openalex.org/W3010301175","https://openalex.org/W3013500184","https://openalex.org/W3105649577","https://openalex.org/W3121477569","https://openalex.org/W3127207655","https://openalex.org/W3133340445","https://openalex.org/W3138627822","https://openalex.org/W3158749225","https://openalex.org/W3172086257","https://openalex.org/W3197148111","https://openalex.org/W3202629807","https://openalex.org/W3213169727","https://openalex.org/W4205139806","https://openalex.org/W4206235031","https://openalex.org/W4220984320","https://openalex.org/W4221057014","https://openalex.org/W4285247160","https://openalex.org/W4312862297","https://openalex.org/W4313053000","https://openalex.org/W4319996394","https://openalex.org/W4361029767","https://openalex.org/W4366147056","https://openalex.org/W4376454415","https://openalex.org/W4377000497","https://openalex.org/W4378697077","https://openalex.org/W4381327887","https://openalex.org/W4383220107","https://openalex.org/W4386436235","https://openalex.org/W4386495207","https://openalex.org/W4390547349","https://openalex.org/W4391547700","https://openalex.org/W4391559627","https://openalex.org/W4391892432","https://openalex.org/W4391935850","https://openalex.org/W4394564351","https://openalex.org/W4396766433","https://openalex.org/W4399110650","https://openalex.org/W4399114372","https://openalex.org/W4400356258","https://openalex.org/W4401452423","https://openalex.org/W4403977277","https://openalex.org/W4405488117","https://openalex.org/W6678168664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095833558","https://openalex.org/W3002629821","https://openalex.org/W2835371103","https://openalex.org/W3094747607","https://openalex.org/W2047323392","https://openalex.org/W2370057592","https://openalex.org/W3165131088","https://openalex.org/W3007152388","https://openalex.org/W3115940603","https://openalex.org/W3006086792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,142],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,92],"study":[4],"the":[5,83,110,120,137,155,167,185,188],"energy-efficient":[6],"unmanned":[7],"aerial":[8],"vehicle":[9],"(UAV)":[10],"and":[11,47,104,116,133,154,181,190],"low":[12],"earth":[13],"orbital":[14],"(LEO)":[15],"satellite":[16],"assisted":[17],"mobile":[18],"edge":[19],"computing":[20],"(MEC)":[21],"in":[22,124],"space\u2013air\u2013ground":[23],"integrated":[24],"networks":[25],"(SAGINs).":[26],"The":[27],"key":[28],"challenge":[29],"involves":[30],"how":[31],"to":[32,59,63,85,108,195],"efficiently":[33],"execute":[34],"tasks":[35,67,80],"offloaded":[36],"from":[37,70],"IoT":[38,71],"devices,":[39],"given":[40],"limited":[41],"on-board":[42],"computation":[43,125],"capabilities":[44],"of":[45,50,78,114,131,149,157,187],"UAVs":[46,55,74,115,132],"delay":[48],"constraints":[49],"tasks.":[51],"To":[52,165],"address":[53],"it,":[54],"are":[56],"first":[57],"allowed":[58],"adjust":[60],"their":[61],"trajectories":[62],"accommodate":[64],"as":[65,68,146],"many":[66],"possible":[69],"devices.":[72],"Subsequently,":[73],"compute":[75],"a":[76,94,147,169],"portion":[77],"these":[79],"while":[81],"delegating":[82],"rest":[84],"LEO":[86,117,134],"satellites":[87,118],"for":[88],"further":[89],"execution.":[90],"Accordingly,":[91],"formulate":[93],"joint":[95],"optimization":[96],"problem":[97,143],"including":[98],"UAV":[99],"trajectory":[100],"planning,":[101],"task":[102],"offloading,":[103],"bandwidth":[105],"allocations,":[106],"aiming":[107],"maximize":[109],"long-term":[111],"energy":[112,129],"efficiency":[113],"(i.e.,":[119],"total":[121],"data":[122],"size":[123],"offloading":[126],"divided":[127],"by":[128],"consumption":[130],"satellites).":[135],"Considering":[136],"interactions":[138],"among":[139],"intelligent":[140],"UAVs,":[141],"is":[144,162,176],"reformulated":[145],"set":[148],"interconnected":[150],"multi-agent":[151,170],"stochastic":[152],"games,":[153],"existence":[156],"corresponding":[158],"Nash":[159],"Equilibrium":[160],"(NE)":[161],"theoretically":[163],"proved.":[164],"obtain":[166],"NE,":[168],"reinforcement":[171],"learning-based":[172],"algorithm,":[173],"namely":[174],"UTPTR,":[175],"developed":[177],"concerning":[178],"system":[179],"dynamics":[180],"uncertainties.":[182],"Simulations":[183],"evaluate":[184],"performance":[186],"UTPTR":[189],"demonstrate":[191],"its":[192],"superiority":[193],"compared":[194],"existing":[196],"approaches.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}