{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406416771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497","title":"Enhancing the Secrecy Rate With Direction-Range Focusing With FDA and RIS","display_name":"Enhancing the Secrecy Rate With Direction-Range Focusing With FDA and RIS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406416771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077403636","display_name":"Chu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-2312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046230899","display_name":"Stefan Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-3306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034269994","display_name":"Aydin Sezgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-2662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Sezgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-2662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077403636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94121174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"5","first_page":"7835","last_page":"7849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.6383000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.603600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6271672248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4826098680496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41797521710395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35521817207336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3022223114967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1651601791381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14616137742996216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6271672248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4826098680496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41797521710395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35521817207336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3022223114967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1651601791381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14616137742996216}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2025.3530497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493373313","https://openalex.org/W1528401588","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2083884772","https://openalex.org/W2089997057","https://openalex.org/W2096236228","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2164137373","https://openalex.org/W2165468651","https://openalex.org/W2310394657","https://openalex.org/W2412859457","https://openalex.org/W2531931725","https://openalex.org/W2566769952","https://openalex.org/W2578975026","https://openalex.org/W2765561517","https://openalex.org/W2766792752","https://openalex.org/W2795729672","https://openalex.org/W2923351305","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2997285645","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3011877056","https://openalex.org/W3025201079","https://openalex.org/W3036973706","https://openalex.org/W3039238171","https://openalex.org/W3039790476","https://openalex.org/W3087782700","https://openalex.org/W3108462255","https://openalex.org/W3111805200","https://openalex.org/W3127184233","https://openalex.org/W3127837326","https://openalex.org/W3144144182","https://openalex.org/W3162302115","https://openalex.org/W3188430173","https://openalex.org/W3193441636","https://openalex.org/W3194854077","https://openalex.org/W3214686513","https://openalex.org/W4226019069","https://openalex.org/W4233471163","https://openalex.org/W4285238407","https://openalex.org/W4288057789","https://openalex.org/W4312300436","https://openalex.org/W4312736221","https://openalex.org/W4362715001","https://openalex.org/W4382618630","https://openalex.org/W4385801029","https://openalex.org/W4386558676","https://openalex.org/W4387869940","https://openalex.org/W4388426850","https://openalex.org/W6846859346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W2107199751","https://openalex.org/W4243812570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,15,27,80,137,158,210],"the":[2,7,12,20,25,39,44,49,58,64,73,78,81,84,98,126,134,138,145,149,156,181,185,190,206,211,219,229,234,238,241],"great":[3],"potentials":[4],"to":[5],"improve":[6,228],"confidentiality":[8],"in":[9,24,69,77,155,196],"mmWave/THz":[10],"at":[11,97],"physical":[13],"layer":[14],"technical":[16],"communication,":[17],"measured":[18],"by":[19,63,204],"secrecy":[21,146,194,230],"rate,":[22,231],"lies":[23],"use":[26],"reconfigurable":[28],"intelligent":[29],"surfaces":[30],"(RISs).":[31],"However,":[32],"an":[33],"important":[34],"open":[35],"problem":[36],"arises":[37],"when":[38,233],"eavesdropper":[40,120,160,235],"is":[41,153,201,236],"aligned":[42],"with":[43,103,121,148],"legitimate":[45,52,85,139,242],"user":[46,140],"or":[47,51,240],"near":[48,237],"RIS":[50,82,130,239],"user.":[53,86,243],"The":[54,199],"limitation":[55],"stems":[56],"from":[57],"high":[59,74],"directional":[60],"gain":[61],"caused":[62],"dominant":[65],"line-of-sight":[66],"(LOS)":[67],"path":[68],"high-frequency":[70],"transmission":[71,151,169],"and":[72,83,108,124,129,173,188,214,222],"energy":[75],"leakage":[76],"proximity":[79],"To":[87],"address":[88],"these":[89],"issues,":[90],"we":[91,116,164,183,225],"employ":[92],"frequency":[93],"diverse":[94],"arrays":[95],"(FDA)":[96],"base":[99],"station":[100],"(BS)":[101],"associated":[102],"random":[104],"inverted":[105],"transmit":[106,127,212],"beamforming":[107,128],"reflective":[109,215],"element":[110],"subset":[111,208],"selection":[112],"(RIBES).":[113],"More":[114],"specifically,":[115],"consider":[117],"a":[118,167],"passive":[119],"unknown":[122],"location":[123],"design":[125],"configuration":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133],"channel":[135],"information":[136,179],"only.":[141],"In":[142],"this":[143],"context,":[144],"rate":[147],"proposed":[150],"technique":[152],"evaluated":[154],"case":[157],"deterministic":[159],"channel,":[161],"demonstrating":[162],"that":[163,224],"can":[165,226],"ensure":[166],"secure":[168],"regarding":[170],"both":[171],"direction":[172],"range.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175],"assuming":[176],"no":[177],"prior":[178],"about":[180],"eavesdropper,":[182],"describe":[184],"wiretap":[186],"region":[187],"derive":[189],"<italic":[191],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[192],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">worst-case":[193],"rate</i>":[195],"closed":[197],"form.":[198],"latter":[200],"further":[202],"optimized":[203],"determining":[205],"optimal":[207],"sizes":[209],"antennas":[213],"elements.":[216],"Simulations":[217],"validate":[218],"closed-form":[220],"expressions":[221],"demonstrate":[223],"effectively":[227],"especially":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
